Research Paper of Eileen Chang

Eileen Chang’s life and the Influence of Chinese Literature Eileen Chang, or Chang Ailing, (1920 – 1995)  is one of the best novelists in Chinese modem literature history. Her work is known for its unique feminine elegance and classic beauty. She became famous and popular by the readers at that time when she published her first novel in 1943. Her amazing grasp of people’s psychology and her particular attitude toward life were seldom seen at the time. Her most famous works include Lust, Caution and Love in a Fallen City.The portrayal of her life in 1940s Shanghai and Japanese-occupied Hong Kong is remarkable in its focus on everyday life and the absence of the political subtext which characterized many other writers of the period. Poet and University of Southern California professor Dominic Cheung commented â€Å"had it not been for the political division between the Nationalist and Communist Chinese, she would have almost certainly won a Nobel Prize†. ( Wikipedia,org) Chang was born in Shanghai to a renowned family. Her parents divorced when Chang was five.In 1939, she was accepted into the University of  Hong Kong  to study literature. After two years, she also got an opportunity to study in the University of London; however, she had to give up while Hong Kong was occupied by the Japanese and then she went back to Shanghai. (China culture, â€Å"Eileen Chang's life in brief†) Chang was introduced to a famous editor, Shoujuan Chou in 1943. She gave him a few pieces of her writing and with his help, Chang soon became the most popular new writer in Shanghai.Within the next two years, she wrote Love in a Fallen City and The Golden Cangue. Her literary maturity was said to be beyond her age. The Golden Cangue has been regarded as one of the best novels in Chinese modern literature. In the early days of her career, Chang was famously associated with this comment: To be famous, I must hurry. If it comes too late, it will not bring me so much happiness †¦ Hurry, hurry, or it will be too late, too late! (  Lust, Caution,Penguin Classics.Retrieved April 26, 2011) After 1949, Chang’s literature was different from the mainstream literature; it became the greatest difficulty for her to be accepted, so she migrated to Hong Kong in 1952, where she worked as a translator for the American News Agency for three years. Then she left for the United States in the fall in 1955, never return to the mainland again. (China culture, â€Å"Eileen Chang's life in brief†) The Golden Cangue was popular short novel in America when it was published while Chang was not satisfied about the reputation in America.Her ambition led her to expend The Golden Cangue into a long novel. (Fujian translator association, â€Å" —- The Rouge of the North†) The Golden Cangue was adapted into Yuan Nu in 1967. Yuan Nu has been translated into The Rouge of the North in 1971 by herself. The Rouge of the North tel ls of the melancholy life of a lower-class woman trapped within the confines of an unhappy arranged marriage. Taking the reader through the stages of this woman's gradual descent into madness, it contains some of the most notable novelistic features of Chang's work. University of California, Irvine) She wrote about broken marriages in many of her books and most of her works were pessimistic overtones because of her unhappy childhood in a broken family. With the development of economic revolution in mainland China in the 1980’s, Chang was gradually accepted in China. Her works frequently deal with the tensions in love between men and women. Chang’s literature is a milestone of feminist consciousness and also reflects the Chinese feminism  literature after the May Fourth Movement. Chixui Chu, â€Å"On the Cultural Creativity in Fictions by Zhang-Ailing†) She was the first writer who gathered woman literature on politics and turbulence. In her novels there were d etailed descriptions on authentic thoughts and survival of middle-aged women in that particular generation. (Dongxia Cheng, â€Å"Analysis about Eiling Chang, the Gift Female Writer in Turbulent Days†) (www. studa. net) With the number of her fans increasing; she was accepted by mainland’s literature field and known as the greatest popular novelist with modern character in Chinese literature’s history. Works cited 1) Wikipedia, â€Å"Eileen Chang† 2) China culture, â€Å"Eileen Chang's life in brief† ;http://www. chinaculture. org/gb/en_artqa/2005-09/02/content_72379. htm; 3) —- The Rouge of the North < http://www. fjfyxh. com/article. php? id=23116> 4) Chixui Chu, â€Å"On the Cultural Creativity in Fictions by Zhang-Ailing† 5) Dongxia Cheng, â€Å"Analysis about Eiling Chang, the Gift Female Writer in Turbulent Days† 6) www. studa. net

Effects of Teen Marijuana Use Essay

According to a 2012 Monitoring the Future study, marijuana is the illicit drug most likely to be used by teens (Maine Integrated Youth Health Survey). Marijuana comes from the plant Cannabis Sativa and appears as a green/brown mix of flowers, stems, and leaves (Teens Health 1). Marijuana is also known as pot, weed, MJ, Mary Jane, reefer, dope, ganja, herb, and grass. Marijuana is most often smoked in cigarettes, hollowed-out cigars, pipes, or water pipes, but is sometimes mixed into food or tea (1). Why are there concerns about teen use of marijuana? During adolescence, many developmental changes are occurring and poor choices could affect a teen’s future (University of Washington ADAI). As a result of teen marijuana use, teens engage in problematic behavior, neglect their education, and risk their health. Problematic behavior remains an effect of teen marijuana use. â€Å"A 2008 longitudinal study of heavy cannabis users from ages 14 to 25 in a New Zealand birth cohort found that increasing cannabis use in late adolescence and early adulthood is associated with a range of adverse outcomes in later life† (University of Washington ADAI). Ashbridge found that there is an increased risk of driving, a doubled risk of being in an accident, under the influence of marijuana (qtd. In U of W ADAI). Driving while under the influence of marijuana risks not only the user’s life, but also the lives of others. An accident caused by a driver under the influence of marijuana could potentially ruin many lives, and could easily be prevented with smart behavior. Marijuana affects ones concentration, perception, coordination, and reaction time; all skills needed for safe driving (courtinfo.ca.gov). Data has shown people who drive under the influence of marijuana show the same lack of coordination as those who drive under the influence of alcohol (courtinfo.ca.gov). Driving under the influence of marijuana is a problematic behavior because it affects many of the skills necessary for safe driving. Criminal behavior is also seen in association with teen marijuana use. In order to pay for drug use, teens engage in criminal  behavior, motor vehicle theft, and breaking-and-entering offenses (University of Washington ADAI). Teen Marijuana users need money to pay for drug use, and in order to obtain money, teens engage in problematic behaviors. There are also legal aspects when selling, using, or possessing marijuana, involving fines, jail time, and possibly a criminal record (Teens Health 2). Teen marijuana users’ problematic behaviors involving the law can lead to consequences, sometimes with the potential to damage the teen’s future. Laws against growing, possessing, and selling marijuana exist in all states but Washington and Colorado (2). Over 7.2 million Americans have been arrested on marijuana charges since 1990, many of which were teenagers (NORML). Marijuana association damages the lives of many teens who get caught engaging in marijuana associated problematic behaviors. The problematic behaviors associated with teen marijuana use can potentially damage not only a teen’s future, but also society. In addition to the problematic behaviors that arise from teen marijuana use, problems with neglected education also arise from teen marijuana use. Marijuana causes a lack of motivation in teens, causing them to look at school as unimportant, to not care about what happens in their lives, and to lack concern about their futures (Town of Barrington). Teen marijuana use causes teens to disengage from reality; teens live in their own fairy tale land where they don’t need anything but marijuana, and the future does not exist. This fairy tale has nothing to do with school, causing teens to neglect important years of education, potentially damaging their futures. Teen marijuana use is directly associated with poorer school performance, increased absences from school, and increased risk of dropping out without graduating (University of Washington ADAI). The disengagement from school teen marijuana users experience, causes problems for teens because they neglect their educational privileges. A study on success in school related to marijuana use showed that students who used marijuana had poorer school success than those who did not use marijuana (Finn 3). Teens who use marijuana neglect their education, causing poorer results in school. Students who used marijuana had lower grades, lower classroom participation, worse attendance, more academic dishonesty, and were disciplined more often than students who did not use marijuana (Finn 3). Teens who use marijuana,  and neglect their education, can face many educational hardships as a result. Teens who use marijuana are often alienated or disgraced by their peers, causing them to disengage from school and other activities (OJJDP). Disengagement in, or quitting of, school or school activities, deprives peers, schools, teams, and communities of positive contributions a teen may have made if they did not use marijuana. Neglected education associated with teen marijuana use can potentially damage a teen’s future and can potentially deprive peers and activities of positive contributions a teen marijuana user may have otherwise made. Although teen marijuana use can cause neglect of education, teen marijuana use can, more importantly, risk a teen’s health. Teens who smoke marijuana can experience minor health problems and major health problems. Respiratory problems caused by smoking marijuana such as phlegm, chronic cough, and bronchitis can be viewed as minor problems (Teens Health 2). Another minor problem caused by smoking marijuana is decreased blood pressure, which can cause dizziness (2). Smoking marijuana has minor effects on the body that risk a teen’s health because they can turn into larger problems or can just simply damage a teen’s growing body. One major problem caused by smoking marijuana is the impairment of the body’s ability to defend against infections and diseases (2). Another major problem caused by smoking marijuana is abnormal functioning of lung tissue, ultimately injuring or destroying the lung tissue (Town of Barrington). Smoking marijuana can cause permanent damage to the body; this damage becomes a bigger risk for a teen’s health because a teen’s body is still developing. Some of the major problems can even risk a teen’s life, shortening the life they could have had if they did not smoke marijuana. The last major problem caused by smoking marijuana is the cancer causing chemicals that come from smoking it (SAMHA). Teen marijuana smokers’ risk of developing lung cancer is increased because, in order to maximize their high, they inhale deeply and hold the marijuana smoke in their lungs. (SAMAHA). Teen marijuana smoking can risk a teen’s health because marijuana smoke contains cancer causing chemicals, which could potentially lead to a teen acquiring cancer early, or later in life. Teen marijuana use can risk a teen’s health, potentially damaging their bodies forever. As a result of teen marijuana use, teens engage in problematic behavior, neglect their education, and risk their health. Teens who are associated with marijuana, and participate in illegal activities, could potentially damage their future with criminal records. Teens who drive while under the influence of marijuana risk not only their own lives, but also the lives of others, potentially damaging their futures with criminal records. Teens who neglect their education because of association to marijuana could lose opportunities they would have otherwise had, potentially damaging their future. Teens who smoke marijuana risk their health, both in minor ways and major ways, potentially damaging their bodies forever. Is teen marijuana use really worth risking the bright futures of these teens? Works Cited â€Å"Adolescents and Marijuana.† University of Washington ADAI. University of Washington, June. 2013. Web. 16 April 2014. â€Å"Consequences of youth substance abuse.† OJJDP. USA.gov, May. 1998. Web. 16 April 2014. Finn, Kristin V. â€Å"Marijuana Use at School and Achievement-Linked Behavior.† The High School Journal 95.3 (2012): 3-13. Project Muse. Web. 16 April 2014. Maine Integrated Youth Health Survey. â€Å"Your Teen & Marijuana.† SAMHA. Maine.gov. 2011. Web. 16 April 2014. â€Å"Marijuana.† TeensHealth. The Nemours Foundation, April. 2009. Web. 16 April 2014. â€Å"Scary Stats.† courtinfo.ca.gov. Administrative Office of the Courts, n.d. Web. 16 April 2014. â€Å"Teen Marijuana Use.† Town of Barrington. Rhode Island, n.d. Web. 16 April 2014. â€Å"Your Government Is Lying To You (Again) About Marijuana.† NORML. NORML Foundation, n.d. Web. 16 April 2014.

Functionalism Conflict Theory Essay

â€Å"Knowledge is shaped by the social world.† (Karl Mannheim.) Though trying to understand the social world may seem difficult, sociologists managed to create three theories on how different areas of the world fit with one another as well as working hand in hand with each other. The three theories are known as Symbolic Interactionism, Functionalism and Conflict Theory. Each theory serves as a significant perspective on how individuals view social life and how it effects society as a whole. The first perspective would have to be the simplest of all and is categorized as a micro level since it is focused on smaller scale than the remaining perspectives. Symbolic Interactionism was founded by Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929), William I. Thomas (1863-1947) and George Herbert Mead (18-63-1931). According to the textbook, symbolic interactionism means a theoretical perspective in which society is viewed as composed of symbols that people use to establish meaning, develop their views of the world and communicate with one another. In other words, it means symbols have an attached meaning that effect the way we view the world and communicate with individuals. Examples of symbols are family members, relationships, language, co-workers, etc. If there were no symbols in our life, we wouldn’t know who we are related to or who to give authority to. For example, at your job you are required to respect the person of high authority which may be your manager or your boss, (depending on your symbol at your facility). In your family, the symbols would be your mother, father, brother, sister, aunts, uncles, etc. No matter what area, each symbol has a different behavior and interacts differently unlike the rest. To narrow this down, let’s compare the relationship with a boyfriend to a brother. A brother would be loving and caring but would not be as intimate as the boyfriend would be. If we didn’t have symbols, we wouldn’t be able to differentiate how to act with those two. The only positive side about not having symbols would be the fact that there would be no war since we wouldn’t be able to understand who our enemy is let alone knowing what an enemy is. The next perspective is focused on a macro level since it is aimed at the large scale of society. Functionalism was founded by Robert Merton (1910-2003), â€Å"The accomplishments of functional analysis are sufficient to suggest that its large promise will progressively be fulfilled, just as its current deficiencies testify to the need for periodically overhauling the past to build for the future† (Social Theory and Social Structure Page 74). According to the textbook, functionalism means a theoretical framework in which society is viewed as composed of various parts, each with a function that when fulfilled, contributes to society’s equilibrium. In other words, various parts work together as a whole to maintain society’s balance. Robert Merton defined functions as positive consequences based on human’s actions that benefit the society. Functions that are intended to help a system are known as manifest function. Followed by this would be the unintended consequence to adjust the system which is known as latent functions. The textbook breaks these two down using an example of giving married couples an extra $10,000 for child bearing (this is the manifest function). Unknowingly, this increases the products used to care for a baby which is known at the latent functions. Though manifest and latent functions are used to balance a system, there are also some dysfunctions that can actually break down the system. These consequences are unusually unintended and because of that, it’s referred to as latent dysfunctions. Referring back to the example stated in the textbook; a latent dysfunction about giving $10,000 to each married couple that bears a child would be the rise in taxes which the couples may not be able to afford since they will be living off of the bonus. Another example that many individuals can relate to is our family. Every family member plays a significant role in their household. Examining the financial state of the family, it’s the bread winner that holds the financial issues together. Without the bread winner, the family would struggle and even turn for help towards the government. If the function of the bread winner begins to take a turn for the negative, the family weakens and loses their ability to prosper as a whole. This is an important factor on how functions can either make or break society. The smaller units affect the larger units in both negative and p ositive ways. Last but not least, the next perspective would be conflict theory. References Cooley, Charles H. â€Å"The Roots of Social Knowledge.† American Journal of Sociology 32.1 (1926): 59-79. Print. Merton, Robert K. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Division of Macmillian Co &, 1968. The Free Press. Web. 14 Nov. 2012. . Coser, Lewis. â€Å"Chapter IX.† The Functions of Social Conflict. Glenoe, IL: Free, 1956. 151-57. The Functions of Social Conflict. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. .

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 6

Case Study - Essay Example Said studies or researches gives an idea that both sets of women are on an even footing to having or developing pre-eclampsia, post-partum anemia, low birth weights and death of mother and baby (The Medical News 1-2). This is relative to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), and other related studies suggests that women will have an overall good rate of pregnancy with fewer visits to their respective obstetricians ( The Medical News 1-2). While the preceding paragraphs may introduce scientific reasoning on why few visits are currently encourage with specialist or obstetricians during pregnancy, Ruth must understand that her case is quite critical because of previous pregnancy mishaps in the form of miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy and having a stillborn. An initial assessment of her case or situation can somehow be enlightened by visiting her obstetrician who will inquire about her previous pregnancies, previous major surgery, medical condition, immunization and genetic history (Family Health Guide 2007). Tests will also be done on her urine and bloods in the event that she will need blood transfusion during the birthing process and whether she is Rh-positive or negative (Family Health Guide 2007). The obstetrician will also give her instructions during the initial appraisal or evaluation of her pregnancy. Paramount to this will be an advice that in case she experiences abdominal pain, unusual cramps, bleeding, vaginal discharge and a fever of over 38 degrees Celsius (sign of infection) to contact him or her immediate and proceed directly to a hospital emergency room. Because the risk of miscarriage is highest in the first trimester (12 weeks or first 3 months) of pregnancy (Family Health Guide 2007). In her current state, Ruth is described as Gravida (G)5, Para (P)1. This means that has had a total of five pregnancies excluding her current one which resulted to one live birth. Gravida is the sum total number of pregnancies a

Microsoft Organisation - Overview, Challenges, Recommendations Research Paper

Microsoft Organisation - Overview, Challenges, Recommendations - Research Paper Example Unfortunately, an antitrust case was filed by the US Justice Department. The government argued that the customer must have a choice to choose products in a competitive market. It was not right on Microsoft's part to monopolise not only the operating systems market but also plan to do the same for the browser by porting their browser to the operating system. " Microsoft's share of the market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems has stood above ninety per cent. For the last couple of years, the figure has been at least ninety-five per cent, and analysts project that the share will climb even higher over the next few years. Even if Apple's Mac OS were included in the relevant market, Microsoft's share would still stand well above eighty per cent." Microsoft was set up as a company to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800, a microcomputer design from 1975, based on the Intel 8080 CPU and sold as a mail-order kit through advertisements in hobbyist magazines. The ris e and popularity of home computers are attributed to Altair 8800. This was a turning point for Microsoft. With the growing popularity of home computers, Microsoft had started to dominate the home computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s. Microsoft has been a real wealth creator for its employees and shareholders. Statistics show that subscribing to shares of Microsoft has made four billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Microsoft has footholds in other markets besides operating systems and office suites, with assets such as the MSNBC cable television network, the MSN Internet portal, and the Microsoft Encarta multimedia encyclopedia3.  

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation Essay - 7

Forensic Psychology and Criminal Investigation - Essay Example The first thing to be realised is that Thornhill is at greater risk for reoffending perhaps because of some inadequacy in his current life in conjunction with his previous history (Laureate International Universities, 2012). The period between Thornhill’s previous offence and current offence is around five years indicating a period of calm in his life. It is highly likely that some stimulus such as perhaps problems with his girlfriend are bothering Thronhill and causing him to reoffend. It would be unadvisable to look into Thornhill’s case without a fresh forensic psychologist review. Based on the review provided by the forensic psychologist, it could be seen if Thornhill requires community support or time at a regular detention facility to solve his current problems (Laureate International Universities, 2012). The presence of long knives at the home of Thornhill provide for the possibility that the offender might use these in order to inflict violence and possibly murder his girlfriend especially when under the influence of alcohol or drugs. In order to preclude such a possibility, it would be advisable to send a Domestic Violence Officer (DMO) to the house of Thornhill and his live in girlfriend to find out if violence has occurred or is suspected. Given the nature of Thornhill’s unfaithfulness, it is likely that his girlfriend may refuse his entry into the house. However, this is just a possibility as yet and the DMO can discuss this issue with the girlfriend as well. In case that the live in girlfriend does not wish to accommodate Thornhill, it would be advisable to provide her a security plan since Thornhill might attack her out of rage. However, in case that she allows Thornhill back, she should still be given a security plan to contact the police as soon as she is threatened by the offender. If Thornhill’s girlfriend does

Summery 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summery 2 - Essay Example The intricate nature by which most people try to protect their privacy from the outside world may be astonishing, but it is not something that is new. This paper will examine the issues presented by the article, and find out how people can use this information to their benefit. The article cites that the end of this generation might mark a period of transition. This transition is one that requires information in order to survive, and for people to immediately recognize the need to have some privacy. People favor privacy, and there is now a way in which technology can assist one in attaining this freedom. The internet can provide the safety net that most people wish for when it comes to their private lives. However, people are not using these avenues to protect their lives. There is the presence of data encryption software that may allow people to live their lives as they see fit, and it is only through asking that one may be able to look into someone else’s life. However, as the article goes on to suggest, individuals are now trying to get the best out of the technological advancement period by exchanging information in order to get information. The lives of any individual who is worth news can be easily accessed, and their lives made public. This is what the change in times is also bringing forth. People are now exchanging their ideals for a less subtle way of life, which implies that prying has become a way of life for most people. This has become a way of life for the American people. Everybody is now linked through the mere touch of a button as this is quickly becoming a wired world. In conclusion, privacy is an important aspect of any society. Privacy was not something that people were familiar with, and that the evolution of time has brought some kind of peace to some people. Now, one can only see what another chooses to show the public. However, it is high time people stop lowering their standards to some of the crucial

Advanced Financial Modelling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advanced Financial Modelling - Essay Example For that reason, people, tend to base their decisions on certain perceived elements of gains rather than elements of perceived losses (Back, 2010, pg. 208). In essence, if a person is presented with two equal choices to make, he or she will express one choice in terms of the possible losses and the other choice in term of the possible gains. For that reason, the person will choose the choice with possible gains (Kaustia, 2010, pg. 25). An example can be used to demonstrate the prospect theory as it applies to financial decision making. Two different financial advisors present the same mutual fund to an investor. The first financial advisor tells the investor that the average return of the mutual fund is 7%. The second financial advisor mentions that the mutual fund has realized above average return for the past 15 years but the last 5 years have shown a decline. According to the prospect theory, the investor will choose a mutual fund from the first financial advisor. This is because it is not expressed in a combination of returns and losses as did the second financial advisor (Li and Yan, 2010, pg. 101). The prospect theory was proposed and developed in 1979 by two aristocrats, Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman. The theory emerged as a psychologically description of the financial decision making process (Ma, 2011, pg. 428). The theory also makes a comparison to the expected utility theory. According to prospect theory, editing and evaluation are the two central stages that every financial decision making process must pass through. The outcomes of a decision are made and ordered during the editing stage. During this stage, people consider lesser outcomes as losses and greater outcomes as gains. The aim of this stage is to alleviate any possible framing effects (Barberis and Xiong, 2012, pg. 99). In addition, it helps in resolving the isolation effects that stem out from the propensity to isolate concurrent

A study of communication strategies employed by Chinese EFL learners Literature review

A study of communication strategies employed by Chinese EFL learners in oral contexts - Literature review Example ?....14 2.4 Communication Problems of Chinese EFL Learners†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦17 1. Introduction For communication to take place, a message needs to be transferred from the sender to the receiver. But sometimes the communication process may break down when the intended message fails to be sent to the receiver. In those situations, the speaker will try to solve the problem and re-establish the conversation by adopting certain techniques. These techniques are commonly known as â€Å"communication strategies† (CSs). It was a term firstly coined by Selinker (1972) in his paper on â€Å"Interlanguage†. Selinker considered these strategies as one of the five processes central to second language learning. All language us ers need communication strategies to help them convey their intended meaning. ... The time constraints of naturally-occurring conversations impose an extremely heavy burden on these learners, forcing them to retrieve appropriate TL items from their memory and respond quickly. As claimed by Wagner and Firth (1997), â€Å"CS is a very prominent element in speech production and therefore an important element in natural discourse† (p. 342). 1.1 Definitions In the past three decades, a great amount of scholarly research and discussion has been generated on the nature, taxonomies and use of CSs (Dornyei and Scott, 1997). For so many years, however, the definition of CSs has still remained controversial. Although Selinker was the first to put forward the term â€Å"communication strategy†, he did not dig deep into the nature of such strategies. The first ones to provide a definition of CS were Tarone and her associates (1976), who defined it as â€Å"a systematic attempt by the learner to express or decode meaning in the target language, in situations wher e the appropriate systematic target language rules have not been formed† (p. 78). Moreover, Tarone (1980) emphasized that â€Å"CS relate to a mutual attempt of interlocutors to agree on a meaning in situations where requisite meaning structures do not seem to be shared† (p. 420). This definition introduces an interactional perspective. In Tarone’s words, â€Å"communication strategies are seen as tools used in a joint negotiation of meaning where both interlocutors are attempting to agree as to a communicative goal† (p. 420). Simply put, it means that both parties in the communication process try to compromise on meaning by adjusting their perspectives to see just one meaning both of them understand, and this may include some repair mechanisms in the breakdown of

Theories of International Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theories of International Relations - Essay Example The paper "Theories of International Relations" concerns the International Relations and other related social theories such as postmodernism. The International Relations theory is composed of concepts, policies and practices that serve as guidelines for the interactions between different organizations and nations. Basically, the IR is related to world politics, thus, it can be considered as one of the significant fields that explore the ways and means to prevent war, to have an economic interaction and to cooperate in the process of achieving goals for international welfare in different areas and aspects of the society. The study of IR then is important in the determination of the different paradigms that can help in the understanding of the issues and problems that can be encountered in connection to different forms of international relations. The different concepts that comprise the theory of International Relations can be considered to define different points of views. For that ma tter, one of the criticisms in relation to the manner by which the IR defines events, it can be critical and subjective on the basis of the fact that the views are segregated in the different theories that comprise the IR. One of the most significant theories related to the International Relations theory is the postmodernism view. The concept covers the wide variety of unconventional notions regarding the different social views and theories. The views identified as post-modern are classified as the concepts.

Digital video has made everyone a movie maker - completion Assignment

Digital video has made everyone a movie maker - completion - Assignment Example The majority of these films used a similar digital technology that is associated with photographic cameras. Technology often seems to take over the film industry as it seems prepared to be the next target. As digital picture acquisition proves to get better each day, movies are starting to be shot the digital way. There are various plusses as well as minuses in shooting videos digitally but the process is soon bound to replace many productions of films. The past 30 years has seen progress in technology with tremendous benefits from 80’s camcorder, which     was a cat size to the present ones that are small. The creation of digital cameras and digital filmmaking is quickly  transforming  everything on  filmmaking. Professionals  or  amateurs  who  are observe considerable advancements in  various  elements  of the industry are working hard to make quality productions. In addition to the innovative production advances, various distributions have been attained, as well. The past ten years saw the venue for an independent film being the film festivals together with private screenings (Davenport 2008, p 453). Presently, a person can create a film and have t viewed by many people. Video seems to be the most convincing elements of communication in this era. At the same time, the past five years has seen a gradual shift from analog all the way to digital. The technology has not only enhanced the capability of visual communication media in data distribution. Manipulation of data has led to quality images being distributed as digital videographer plays a crucial role in image manipulation, which has surpassed powerful technological advancements (Davenport, Schisgall, Mohmed & Mirowitz, 2007, p 5) The objects or people in a video in most digital video images might be edited, and at times edited while the image is being broadcasted without

Love Is All About Sacrifices Essay Example for Free

Love Is All About Sacrifices Essay Love encourages people to sacrifice important things in their lives for others. Love can destroy or improve ones’ life. It once happen to a little country girl in the early days. Love totally changed her life both destroying it and improving it. This girl’s name was Kat and she was the mayor’s daughter who was advised by her father to marry a guy named Bruce. Bruce was kind of a nice guy, really successful, but very serious and didn’t have no time to have fun. He was very well liked by the whole town and all the girls went crazy when they saw him. Everyone thought it was a great idea if they got married. Although, on the other hand, Kat was a girl very high spirited and she had fun all the time. One windy and cloudy afternoon, Bruce asked Kat’s hand in marriage while talking to her father. Kat’s father was very happy about the news that he announced the request to the whole town. Kat rather seemed â€Å"okay† about the whole situation instead of being excited. That night she had a dream about a dart in a board spinning over and over again but instead of the spinning making her dizzy she was happy. It was a really strange dream and it kept repeating three nights in a row. Contrary to her strange dream, she went to seek advice from her grandma who was probably about 94 years old. She was so excited to see her granddaughter and listen to her. â€Å"I had a dream grandma, a very strange dream and I need you to tell me what you think it means† she said. â€Å"I’m all ears† said grandma. â€Å"Let’s hear it†. She explained the whole dream to her grandma and said â€Å" so what do you think it means? † Asked Kat. Grandma said â€Å"pumpkin this dream means you should follow your heart and instinct because something important is about to happen in your life†. With excitement she said â€Å" oh grandma, I love you, you always have answers to every question†. â€Å"That’s what I do†. So Kat decided to head towards home. On her way home she noticed a conveyance truck or moving truck parked in front of an old house. Due to curiosity, she neared and watched what was happening there. To her amazement, she saw a handsome spirited young man who was admiring the building. She asked â€Å"are you new in the neighborhood? † â€Å"Yeah I am, anyway I am Jason†. She stared at him for a while before answering† oh, I am Kat the mayor’s daughter and it’s nice to meet you† she finally said. I have to go, so I guess I would be seeing you around† she said. â€Å"Yeah â€Å"he answered. She looked so happy and relaxed on her way home. At her arrival at home her dad wanted to talk to her about Bruce but she said she didn’t like Bruce and wouldn’t marry him. Her father tried to convince her but she didn’t want to talk about it. The next day she went spying on Jason, she would get up early, go hide behind the house hoping to see him. This continued for many days until her best friend Tatiana followed her one day and found out she was spying on the â€Å"new guy in town† as she referred Jason to. During one morning, Tatiana went over to Jason’s house and told him all about what Kat did every morning. So he hid behind the house waiting for Kat to come. She did and was caught by Jason. He explained to her how he knew and that he also likes her but doesn’t spy on her behind her house every morning. Surprisingly, they started to go out for months during which Kat’s dad kept haunting her to marry Bruce. Six months later, they both expressed their feelings and decided to tell Kat’s dad that they are getting married. To their dismay , Kat’s dad did not agree with their decision and refused to give them his blessings. Out of love for Jason, Kat decided to leave her dad and the town to go get married to Jason in a different town or country. Before leaving she thanked her best friend Tatiana for being there for her and helping her. Also she invited her to be the brides maid at her wedding. Without her father’s acknowledgement she left the town, got married and had kids. Then he realized how happy his daughter is and began to regret not being there for her. So life can be real hard or easy but it all depends on the decisions made in our lives. Sacrifices made in our lives can result in pain or happiness. We should be wise and always make the right sacrifices!

Todays Education System

Todays Education System An Essay on the Present Education System We live differently in the 21st century. This century is highly connected with technology advancement, high mobility, globalization, and generation Z. Generation Z or iGeneration is a name used for the cohort of people born from the early 2000s to the present day. This generation has some different characteristics with its preceding generation, allowing us to implement different approach in education. Our Education System: Today I will start with the problem of our current education system. The biggest problem is, it did not motivate kids. Millions of kids do not know any purposing of going to school, except obligation. When we went to school we were indoctrinated by scenario: work hard, rewarded did well, get a college, and finally you will have a job. But in the future, it is not guarantee anymore, not if the route to it marginalises what you think important about yourself. Moreover, facing the unpredictable economic circumstances. This current system was designed and conceived for a different age: Victorians, between 18th and 19th century. It was arranged in the intellectual culture of the enlightenment and in the economic circumstances of the industrial revolution. The intellectual model of the mind stated that the real intelligence consist of capacity of deductive reasoning and knowledge of the classics, what we come to think as academic ability. It divides people to academic and non academic, smart people and non-smart people. In consequences, many brilliant people think that they are not. In this system, these kids are medicated. They are forced to forget any distraction such as games, iphones, television, and focus to the boring stuff at school. Students start losing their interest, hardly thinking straight, and losing their attention completely. In class, they are given the theory and required to memorize it, without knowing the relevant of that context in real world. That is why students still disengaged. It becomes more severe with quantitative standardised testing. They only know they oblige to study and pass the standard. Education is modeled based on the interest of industrialization and in the image of it. Schools are organised on factory lines and students are its manufactured products. The Victorians produce education which remake us photocopy of each other. How do you be submissive, how do you sit patiently be disengaged for about two hours and take it. The arts are the victims of this mentality. The arts, especially address the idea of aesthetic experience, when senses are operating at their peak. When we arresting about the excitement of these things with our experiencing, when we are fully alive. While anaesthetic is experience which shut your senses off and deaden yourself to what is happening. We are getting our children educated by anaesthetising them. The implications are easy to be described. These kids only give answers based on what their teacher said. They are afraid to see things from different perspectives, lose their critical skill, and very bad predicting what will make them happy. The New Model of School Designing new model of education needs collaboration of students, teachers, schools, and government. Lets start with basic question, what kind of output that we really want from education system? I always imagine if schools can be place where students can come excitingly, full of self-directed knowledge, so much more passion and information about they want to do. It is the real learning process, they learn something when they have reason to learn it. First, we should waking them up to what is inside of themselves! If we are interested in the model of learning, we should not start from production line mentality. We have to change our direction from conformity-standardised testing and curriculum to divergent thinking. Divergent thinking is an essential capacity for creativity-the process of having original ideas that have value. It is ability to see lots of possible answers to a question, lots of ways to interpret a question, and to think laterally, not just in linear or convergent ways. We might not judge this subject is superior and this is not. We teach them how to believe their self interest, appreciate it, and facilitate that. It also crucial to change the culture of our institutions that treat academic students as the potentials product and non-academic students as the residuals. Second, we have to cut the disengaged chain between school and the reality. We must revised our goal: score oriented become exploration oriented. Students are not teached how to answer questions on the exam, but how one problem in the real word can be connected and answered by theory they learned in the class. They must not forced to forget their favourite games or television channels, but we lead combine them with education. The point is, we do not limit their imagination. They may come with unique questions or even unanswerable, but it is the way they can start thinking critically.Students will understand how their school linked to their life, and they used to see things from science perspective. Third, focusing on the reading comprehension and critical skill. Actually, it based on Indonesia condition. Trends in International Mathematics and Science (TIMSS) and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) assessment revealed that the reading ability of Indonesian children is low. Whereas, reading ability is the fundamental of science learning. Why it can happen? One of the reason is, we do not have reading comprehension curriculum, we only have language curriculum. I also have just learned that reading to understanding is by making annotation beside the important paragraph and rewrite it on our own words through essay, not the multiple choice. The multiple choice-we used to use, is not stimulate students to love literacy and read, causing the open-minded is not formed. Finally, they do not know how to solve a problem-things they will face in reality. As I said before, this education reform also need teacher collaboration. We know, sometimes teacher treats their students as how they were treated by their teacher. It is totally different. Today generation is immune from such rigid school and strict rules are not effective anymore. Teachers have to know how to make them go to school voluntarily and fully motivated. The classroom has to be designed to provide enough space for improving students imagination and exploration. However, teachers are the executor of curriculum in the class. Go through country with the best education system, Finland, teachers there are well educated and trained. Better education system need better human resource to deliver it. Finally, what I hope to be in the new model of school and high school for 21st century are the students that full of learning enthusiasm and the teachers that focuses on exploration rather than how to prepare students passing the exam. I want reading-writing culture and curiosity colored the school. I do not want modern institution dumped critical thinking just because there is not any argument facilitator. Education is not knowledge transfer that remake students as a blueprint of their teacher. Students must have ability to transform the knowledge, so the final goal of education to put out generations who can answer the era threat can be achieved. As the Malcolm Forbes quotes Educations purpose to replace an empty mind with an open one

Video games in teenagers lifes and ergonomics

Video games in teenagers lifes and ergonomics Issues of Video Games in Teenagers lifes and ergonomics The video game sector is the fastest growing entertainment industry. Study in 2008 found that 90% of children play video games every single week. Games for people above 18+ start to be more popular than before, we know very little about the effects that video games may have on childrens development and socialization. Video Games have many positive aspects, but also it can have many negative aspects. The postitive aspects include : Provide a fun and social way of entertainment, cooperation and teamwork while playing with other people, make kids feel comfortable with technology, increase childrens self-confidence and self-esteem as they master games, provide things of common interest and opportunities for socialization, they are also for : develop skills in reading, math, technology and problem-solving encourage participation in related offline activities, such as reading or sports encourage civic participation, improve hand-eye co-ordination and fine motor skills A scientist thinks age appropriate multi-player video games can allow children to learn how other people think a key aspect of empathy. Games can also help a child become more comfortable with new and ever progressing technology. Which is in my opinion true. If computers are used properly by teenagers they will have only positive impact on their education. Parents of teenagers should be aware of : According to a Harris Interactive poll released in January of 2008, 23% of gamers surveyed reported that they felt addicted to video games. â€Å" Some teens are heavy users of online role-playing games (RPGs) such as World of Warcraft and multiplayer games such as Call of Duty in which they interact with other players in real time. Students will often neglect schoolwork and other aspects of their daily lives when they become immersed in these games. While it remains unclear whether this can be termed an addiction, the American Medical Association has identified video game overuse as a behaviour, and may include it in a future edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.† Children who are heavy users of video games may also be getting less exercise and develop eating fast foods. Make sure that your teen is getting outside and not snacking too much on unhealthful food while gaming. According to the book Grand Theft Childhood by Doctors Cheryl Olson and Lawrence Kutner, children who play primarily M-rated games (whether the rating is due to violent or sexual content) are more likely to be involved in fights or bullying If you are concerned about the amount of time your teen is spending on video games, keep in mind that it is normal for young people to throw themselves enthusiastically into hobbies. Consider the effect your teens gaming is having on his or her life: is he or she socializing less with friends? Are his or her grades declining? Is his or her sleep or general health being affected? . Its important to know what the ratings mean on the video games that child plays. rating symbols suggest age appropriateness for the game, content descriptors to indicate elements in a game that may have triggered a particular rating and/or may be of interest or concern. It is important because video games are not all violent, but most of them are, and many of them are pretty gruesome. It has been estimated that up to 89% of games contain some violent content. I am going to cover following topics due to covering issue Violence Living Online Addiction Ergonomics Positive Things about games Violence : People are concerned that violent games might be causing young people to become violent and there is some evidence to support this. Studies have shown that violent games can: increase physiological arousal (the fight or flight response) increase aggressive thoughts and emotions increase aggressive behaviour reduce helping behaviour (where people become less likely to help others). This effects even stronger on people who attend to be already aggressive. Violent games attract young people that tend to be aggressive or are fascionate about being aggressive. There is also some evidence that violent games can change the way people think. One study had two groups playing games, one of them a violent game. After playing the games it was found that the group playing the violent game were more likely to: think it was OK to use alcohol and marijuana be competitive in another task think they were being accused of cheating in another task. Living Online : This type of Games can subtitute real life and can cause young people to addiction. Studies have shown that young people who spend too much time playing computer or video games do not do as well at school. Computer games may also be linked to obesity (being unhealthily overweight) and evidence is emerging to support this. Addiction : People can become addicted to games. People can start to play games for more than 12 hours per day. They might stop doing their homeworks, stop going to school, forget about their job. The most addicting games are online games like GTA, World of Warcraft or Lineage2. They start to compete with each other, form clans and fight with each other, in the beginning it can be 2 hours per day, but than it becomes more. Positive Things about Games : There are also some positive things in cerain issues, and here are also some positive stuff about games. What is it then? People get pleasure for playing games Hand-eye coordination improvement Mental stimulation and require some form of problem solving. Enjoyable social interaction. Educational games is a good way of learning Simulations are good way of training people Ergonomics : Screen should be 70 cm away from the eyes. The top of your monitor should be at eye level. Your desk surface should be at roughly belly button level. When typing, your wrists should be in line with your forearms and not bent up. Go for a walk outside at least once a day.

July 31, 1976 Colorado :: essays research papers

On July 31, 1976, a violent rainstorm hit the area where the Big Thompson Canyon is located. According to reports the rainfall was falling at an alarming rate of 2† per hour which caused the Big Thompson river to rise and return to its primordial state. This all began when winds from the east pushed very humid air up the mountains. The unstable air continued rising as its water vapor condensed. The winds were less than 20 mph above 10,000 feet that was too weak to move the storm away. Humid high-altitude air combining with weak winds meant the storm pulled into little dry air to weaken the rainfall. Hardly any of the rain soaked into the steep-sided canyon. The river quickly went over its banks, filled with debris that acted like battering rams against downstream buildings and cars. The water then backed up in the canyon’s narrow mouth, in floods, water often backs up as debris piles against bridges. The Floodwater sped up as it squeezed through narrow places was freed when the dam that was formed by debris burst loose. Due to these events, occurring in such a short time the U.S. Army came to rescue 850 people off the tops of homes, canyon walls, and rocks. The flood destroyed 556 homes and 52 businesses. The total damage was $35.5 million to the area; it cost $1 million dollars to remove 320, 450 tons of debris. The storm and flood caused the Big Thompson River to change course in thirty places. The flood killed 144 people and it took the authorities working until mid-September to identify all the bodies. The town felt that most of the deaths occurred due to the lack of a timely warning. To prevent this from happening again they installed a reverse 911 emergency system.

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Essay -- Post-traumatic stress

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a relatively new diagnosis that was associated with survivors of war when it was first introduced. Its diagnosis was met largely with skepticism and dismissal by the public of the validity of the illness. PTSD was only widely accepted when it was included as a diagnosis in 1980 in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) of the American Psychiatric Association. PTSD is a complex mental disorder that develops in response to exposure to a severe traumatic event that stems a cluster of symptoms. Being afflicted with the disorder is debilitating, disrupting an individual’s ability to function and perform the most basic tasks. Who gets PTSD? Post-traumatic stress disorder can develop at any age, from childhood years to adulthood with any cultural, social, and economic background. Any individual that goes through a particular traumatic event can experience great stress and anxiety that can then develop into a post-traumatic stress disorder. Protective service men and women, victims of rape, abuse, and torture, as well as victims of natural disasters, accidents are examples of a mass variety of individuals that are touched by the post-traumatic stress disorder. PTSD can be caused by witnessing or by being part of a traumatic event such as combat, torture, abuse, natural disaster, motor-vehicle accident and even a sudden loss of a loved one. Many factors play an important role to determining whether an individual is pre-disposed to PTSD. Risk factors are those that contribute to a person to have a higher prevalence of developing PTSD, while resilience factors help the individual to overcome trauma. Risk Factors Sin... ...of the individual to develop the disorder. Identification of individuals with PTSD is a complex decision to make, as there are many contributing factors for different people. However, treatments, prevention, and assessments of the disorder will be improved and enhanced in the near future. Works Cited Foa, E. B., Keane, T. M., Friedman, M. J., & Cohen, J. A. (2000). Effective treatments for PTSD: practice guidelines from the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies (Second Edition ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Reyes, G., Elhai, J. D., & Ford, J. D. (2008). The Encyclopedia of Psychological Trauma. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Violanti, J. M., & Paton, D. (2006). Who gets PTSD?. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C Thomas. Wilson, J. P., Friedman, M. J., & Lindy, J. D. (2001). Treating psychological trauma and PTSD. New York: Guilford Press.

Racism in Schools Essay

Some people seem to think racism in schools died out a long time ago. This statement couldn’t be more wrong. Racism in the learning environment is more evident than ever, and it needs to be stopped because it affects the way students learn and their success. There are many stories and incidents where discrimination has occurred and the effects they have had on students. Take the art teacher from Chicago for example. During class one day, some students spilled paint on the teacher’s jacket. She became very angry and said,†? all Mexicans are criminals, and you were born to scrub floors† The teacher was rightfully fired from her job. It was decided by the Board of Education in Chicago that all the teachers will need to undergo â€Å"sensitivity training†. They don’t need to learn how to be sensitive, what teachers need to know is to accept everyone as equal. There can be no discrimination in schools because is disrupts the learning environment. There are many stories and accounts of racism in schools against African Americans. They range from the little things such as telling the black boy to throw out his gum but let the white boy chew it, to moving all the black kids to the back of the class. There is one story about a white male teacher who called a black student â€Å"nigger†. The boy was walking into the English class one day, and the teacher told him to â€Å"sit down nigga! † The teacher claims that because he hears the students calling each other that casually in the hallways all the time, it gives him a right to also use the word. He says he used the term â€Å"nigga† instead of â€Å"nigger† because they are two completely different words and he would never use â€Å"nigger† against someone. Consequently, the teacher was fired for racial discrimination. The racism that teachers put onto their students causes low expectations from black kids. Because they have had so many negative experiences in school, they lack the motivation and confidence to do well. It was found in a review of research about teacher expectations that teachers hold more negative attitudes about black students’ ability, language, behavior and potential, than they do of white students’. There are reports of black students scoring lower in reading assessments than white students. This could be the cause of black students not trying because they are not confident in themselves. It was also found that black kids receive more severe punishments than white kids for the same offense, and they are more likely to be suspended from schools. There are also accounts of minority parents feeling that they have had less positive experience while visiting their kids’ schools than white parents. There are reports from the minority parents about the discipline problems. Black students do not expect to succeed in the educational world because how can one enjoy it when their whole lives they have been identified as unworthy and incapable. Kids need to be taught about racism and how to avoid discrimination so they do not develop any bias thought about people as they grow up. Some schools are even trying to make racism and cultural diversity part of their curriculum. There is a lot of ignorance surrounding African Americans, Asians, and students of other nationalities and kids need to learn and accept all people. Introducing students to the different cultures that are out there can help them learn better and perform better in school. They would not worry about students getting hurt and would all have the same opportunities. Students would not be concerned with disappointing teachers or receiving punishments that are not appropriate. There are countless accounts of racism occurring in schools all around the country and the world against students and also against teachers. Alison Moore, a black teacher in London, was attacked and knocked unconscious by three white students while leaving her school last year. There is always going to prejudice people present in schools, but there are ways to work around it to help benefit the education of the students. Racism deeply affects the way students learn and how they will see themselves for the rest of their lives. A student’s teacher is one of the most important adult figures in one’s life, and if there are problems in that relationship then there will be problems forever, and no child needs that in their life.

Mrs. Beth Namara

Encouraging an unmarriedist to transfer their ask, preferences and individualal beliefs affecting their ingest(prenominal) ask is genuinely pregnant in riseness and social b anticipate off. As parcel off aside executioners we divulge to al fashions consider plentys preferences pull down if it is non what we would standardized as individuals. There whitethorn be ethnic considerations that I exponent need to withdraw several(prenominal)what as a near(prenominal)one exactly this does non stop me from draw a wide an individual to communicate what they trust.When I get that the assist delectationr is non competent to communicate their needs, preferences and nigh formal beliefs with ease, I am al ports patient and deem them more than quantify or design different methods of communion to find off. (58. 1. 1) As a charge encounterer it is my province to promote effective communication at have out by being able to empathize both ve rbal and non verbal contents the servicing utilizers function. I receive how to communicate intimately with the process exploiters and to listen to their needs attentively in frame to take the message they s eliminate forward for me.For instance I maintain eye contact t go forth ensemble the time with the somedead body I am talking to, listen conductfully, delectation my clay gestures to show them that I am sense of hearing and interested in what they be intercourse me. This discloses them the assurance that I am listen to what they ar telling me and I rate what they atomic number 18 telling me. (58. 1. 1) fewtimes I supplicate the family, friends or previous occupy p regiontarians for advice or seek for stateation well-nigh their needs, preferences and soulfulnessal beliefs. For exercise some do manipulationrs prefer a privy to a shower or a slip of paper mop, I computer backup to value that yet If I scent that it is more mulish to sop up a shower than a john. whatsoever(prenominal) redevelopment exploiters prefer to live a lavatoryroom three times a workweek I value their quality and do exactly what pleases them as long as it is what they wish and it is their superior. I vitiate imposing my own views on them even if their choices conflict with what I feel is right. (58. 1. 1) Some aid drug users c solely for their religious beliefs or cultural needs regarding their ain plow , It is my baron to al ways find bulge active these beliefs and respect them to distract pique the serving users I body forth and their family without intending to do so.There be some utility users who prefer respectableguard thespians to be of the same gender as them. For modeling at that place is a female profit user who does non accept male thrillr thespians in her house. This is consider by the comp both I work for and ein truth jockstrap tolerated to her has to be a female be social movement that is wh at she prefers (58. 1. 1) In conclusion , by listening to what the serve up users want or prefer , following their choices or get information and advice from their family and friends is very important in wellness and social. By doing this, the inspection and repair users go forth be satisfied with the level of the accusation they receive.In entrap to be able to show alimentation for face-to-face divvy up arcticly, c ar actors have to retire how to suffice the individuals to a lower placestand the intellects for hygienics and galosh precautions. Source of assert in own(prenominal) c ar clear influence masss habits and values, for instance some helper users bathe or shower daily while for early(a)s it is twice a week or once. rafts attitudes to the c ar of their o get intotiasis, fuzz, nails, neaten in like manner differs and it my indebtedness as a c argon role player to beg off to them the reasons for hygiene and preventive precautions. (58. 2.1) Se rvice users who usu altogethery have olive-sized contact with the public ar non so much into grooming themselves like those who c altogether over firing out to merge with new(prenominal)s. Those who stay understructure about of the time are unremarkably less(prenominal) prompt to pay attention to personal hygiene. For representative one of the assist users I swear is disabled entirely very active, he is involved in m whatever charity organisations and loves press release out to socialize at different events. He pays similarly much attention to his vibrissa, odontiasis, nails and shaving so that he flowerpot look his best comp permitely the time.When ever I am doing his personal caution I do allthing harmonize to his choice as longer as it is in line with the natural rubber and hygiene insurance insurance of wellness and social accusation. As a care role player it is my province to promote wellnessy and safe bore in relation to hygiene rather than imp osing my own standards to inspection and repair users I f on the whole out daily. (58. 2. 1) I do urinate for certain that the kowtow of an individual is rinse and kept bracing because any breaks to it leads to a chance of infections entering the body.I bonk very well that the outer layer of the spit out is constantly being renewed, the shed cells are replaced with new cells. The skin as well produces elbow grease and sebaceous glands that produce sweat and other oily substances that maintains the pissing proofing of the skin. If I do non take dear(p) care of it the dried sweat, dead skin and sebum green goddess build up and be a breeding land of a foots enter of bacteria or leading to dismal smell which deadenbasin be unpleasant. (58. 2. 1) I always achieve certainly that the teeth of the military military function users are reinvigorateded at least twice a twenty-four hours so that food particles thunder mug beremoved.If the teeth are non percipient ed properly this tin stinker lead to mouth infection, tooth vector decomposition and gum disease cause by the decomposed food particles. It is my tariff as a care worker to realize the individual to understand the reason for keeping their teeth pretty or oral care hygiene. (58. 2. 1) I do betray convinced(predicate) their copper is swear out and dried properly, most of the spate I corroborate are aged and their hairsb raketh is modify out and more brittle. I use mild shampoo with conditioner largely to launder the hair and then rinse it well and dry it.Some prefer their hair to be dried with the contribute drier and others pauperization that I use the towel to dry it. Some service users get hair care services from hair dressers and it is my debt instrument to ring and book for them hair dates. (58. 2. 1) When I am doing hair care, i watch for head lice which lowlife be comfortably dole outing between tribe who have close head to head contact. thorough ly conditioned hair removes it more baffling for the eggs to latch on to the hair. In conclusion, personal hygiene is not unless or so preventing the pass around of infection, it as well improves the way people feel about themselves.Service users usu in ally feel better when I give them a bath or a shower, dullables hair and comelyed boost their self- brilliance esteem. The feedback I get from them shows that they really feel full after a priggish bath, clobbering, hair care, oral care and bonnie habiliment. As a care worker it is my commerce to promote and demonstrate good hygiene practices and be positive role models. Some service users I carry need to be sensitively inciteed and enlightened about hygiene and I do that when I see it is necessary the person has no idea about the importance of hygiene. (58. 2. 1)It is very important that I use tutelary equipments, trea sure enoughive clothing and hygiene techniques all the time when I am doing personal care in or der to minimize the hazard of infection. Germs can penetrate very easily from one person to another especially if they get onto clothes, hair, supplys and other materials. Therefore, it is my responsibility to limit the chicane cover of infection by making certain(predicate) I use illuminate precautions much(prenominal) as process and protective equipment, gloves and aprons when escorting people with personal care to reduce the sp memorize of infection. virtually of the service users I support are aware of these universal precautions that they are in place to protect them and everyone involved from infections. I also apply hand gel to strip down my pass and rinse my hands when I remove gloves and put them in the correct bin provided concord to louse up disposal form _or_ system of government. (58. 2. 2) I use protective equipments all the time when dealing with sensible fluids, clinical desolates or hazardous substances . hence after I ostracise all used persona l protective clothing either in the suit character supplied by health services or in a plastic root word which I tie up and place in the main bin.I also induct real that I put the seedy wash such(prenominal) as soiled bedding or clothes in the correct laundry al-Qaida provided to use. I avoid putting the dirty laundry or the soiled linen on the level because the soiled linen can spread infection. More to that , I always use peoples own mountainries when component them with personal care, I do this mostly when I am supporting some one in a common or a render home. Germs can harbor in works, agree up, combs, hair bands, hats, hair nets and can easily spread from person to person if shared.Sharing good dealries and equipments among so many people also compromises a persons individuality. As a care worker my own hygiene has also to be of high standard, I h of age(predicate) up certainly I wear clear(p) clothes each day which have been washed and ironed properly. After worker I change into a clean wear to go in home and this helps to reduce the spread of infections. Each day work clothes are washed divulgely from other clothes in the house, I use a alive(p) wash and conditioner to kill all the germs and bacteria. (58. 2. 2)Reporting concerns about the recourse and hygiene of equipments or facilities used for personal care to the charabanc or any body else concerned is very important not only for the safety of the service user but for the carer and others people involved. (58. 2. 3) Facilities and equipments used for personal care have to be in good functional order, safe and clean to use otherwise, in that location can be accidents. As a care worker I also have a responsibility under health and safety law to chink the safety of all people victimisation the premises, I have to be attentive so that I do not put anyone at risk of risk of film or harm.I have to make sure that equipments are insureed regularly and all electric automobileal equipments are tested and confirm to be safe. As a care worker I have to be familiar with the correct working of equipment, such as the hoist, the chair lift, the electric bath chair and others because this give help me to know when things are not right. (58. 2. 3) I do make sure that I check every equipment to begin with use and I do not use anything that might cause harm. If I check and pit that the equipment is untimely, I take them out of use make report and volume the faulty as my employers policy or social and health care policy requires me to do.I know very well that fall taps can be a hazard and if acerb water system drips from a tap while a person is bathing the service user can suffer serious ruin. I also report other concerns like those of lancinating edges on bath seats which can cause skin tears not only to the service user but to the carer and other people. (58. 2. 3) I do also report Items such as dirty or unhygienic bath mat, commodes, bath hoists, electric bath chairs and other marked-up items that can easily spread infections to my handler or any other allow person.For the dirty bath tub, I do make sure that I disinfect it with the cleaning materials onward utilise it, this reduces the level of infection and makes the bathing place clean and pleasant to use. During the induction, I was told the benefit of account any concern about the safety and hygiene of equipments or facilities, If I do not report it, that means I will be answerable in elusion of any thing, because, in order for me to cover my back in case of anything happens, I have to make sure I report to my make outr or supervisor about any concern. (58. 2. 3)Control and exposure to hazardous waste is taken severely in health and social care, this is about protecting the carer workers, the service users and others against hazardous substances such as the bleach, incontinence materials and other body wastes. COSHH is an abbreviation for Control of substances Hazardo us to Health, the dangers of victimization such substances can be skin irritation, nose and throat irritation, allergic reactions and inhalation. (58. 2. 5) mess up materials I encounter during my daily care job include piddle, feaces, incontinence pads, catheter and stomate bags, hale items, sputum, vomit and livestock.During the induction it was distinctly explained to me and other carer workers who attended that such body wastes should not pose any risk in that respectfore, it should be wrapped properly, meet that it is put down from any excess liquefied and abandoned off properly. (58. 2. 5) All waste materials have to be handled with care because there are risks involved such as contract gastrointestinal infections resulting in diarrhea and vomiting.The policy also emphasizes that all care workersshould know that it is important to safely dispose the waste because other people have to deal with it after it is addicted. Therefore, it is my duty as a care worker to m ake sure all the waste is wrapped and disposed in a bag or container provided. According to my work place policy, bags containing wastes should not be overfill as these can be a risk to moving and use as well as separate open and contamination. Therefore, I always make sure the waste bags are filled up to the right and recommended level then tie them properly and make them educate for disposal.Keeping people safe is my priority as a care worker , liquid wastes such as urine, feaces, vomit and blood I dispose them in any prescript sewage system, Incontinence pads, sanitary items, wound dressings, used gloves and aprons I dispose them in the yellow bag, soiled back off linen in the red bag which has inner dissolvable liner. I put the linen in the white bag which is usually provided for it, dispose house utilize waste in the black bag and the sharp equipments such as needled and pins in the yellow sharps box.I make sure before I handle any wastes, I wear my apron, gloves and aft er I wash my hands properly. (58. 2. 5) keep individuals to make themselves clean and neat after using commode facilities is my responsibility as a care worker. After assisting service users to use bay window facilities, I have to make sure that, I support them to cleanse thoroughly to prevent them from becoming sore. I know very well, if the traces of feaces and urine are not cleaned properly can cause soreness and infections.I always make sure that there is enough buttocks paper and cover the service user from front to back, this is referred to as the correct way because it prevents traces of feaces being displace towards the vagina and urethra which can cause infections. (58. 3. 2) There are individuals who always ask for survivening water to cleanse themselves after using the toi permit this is either their culture or it is according to their religious faith. This is very common with service users who are Muslims by faith or have a culture of dry wash themselves after toileting rather than using toilet wander.When the bidet facilities are not available, I provide them with water in small buckets or big bottles to wash themselves after using the toilet. Some of the service users I support prefer using moist babe wipes or toilet tissues after suing the toilet. (58. 3. 2) Most of the female service users use feminine wipes because they are soft, gentle and non irritant to clean their genitals after using the toilet. I always make sure a hand washing liquid is pronto available and I back up the service users to use it to wash their hands properly.Some of my service users do not like to wash their hands after using the toilet, in this case I do move them about the importance of washing hands. It is my responsibility to ensure that soap and hand washing liquid is provided at all the sinks in the house to make it easy for the service users to wash thoroughly, then a hand towel is provided for drying the wet hands. In conclusion, it my duty as a car e worker to support individuals to make themselves clean and tidy after using toilet facilities. (58. 3. 2)Whenever, I enter service users home, after checking if the individual is ok, I check the room temperature to make sure it is ok for the person I am going to support. Sometimes I do ask them if the temperature is the right one or there is need to regulate it. This depends on what they want at that time, I usually do this in winter season or when the weather is too cold for the individual. I also make sure the area where personal care is going to take place is fiery and free from draughts. First, I close the windows then after frame and make sure the heating is on to warm the room.(58. 4. 1)After a bath or a wash most service users feel cold , therefore, it is my duty to make sure that I keep their bodies warm. I usually spread their towels and clothes on the sides of the radiator to take the chill off and make sure they are not too hot. I also ensure that the spread clothes a re just on the sides and do not block the warm air flow from the radiator into the room. When ever I am running baths, I run the cold water first and then the hot water last, the reason why I do this is because hot water can cause serious burns or scalds to service users.I was warned by my private instructor to be careful when running hot water in the bath because a number of burns accidents or scalds in the health and social care field have been reported to the health and safety Executives. (58. 4. 1) The hand book about guidelines on safe water temperatures were handed to all the care workers who attended the induction with me. The people I support are compromising and more at risk of burns, some of them have dementia, others are old with health hassles like diabetes. All those mentioned may not be able to judge or control the water temperatures on their own.Most of the people I support have modified mobility and cannot be able to get out of the bath quickly if the water is t o hot, therefore it is my duty to always do risk assessment before taking anyone for a bath and take measures to reduce the risks. I make sure the water is at an appropriate temperature, for the bath it has to be 44C, for the shower it has to be 41C, for the wash basin it has to be 41C and 38C for a bidet. Thermometers are provided for the care workers to check the water temperature, it is my duty to report the water that is not inside the recommended temperatures.It is also my responsibility not to grant the tap running because this does not only waste water but can also cause scalds. Service users do not only need support in baths but also in oral care to prevent tooth decay and other dental problems. (58. 4. 1) As a care workers, It is my responsibility to supercharge and support service users to manage their own personal care so that they are free-living as much as possible. Supporting personal hygiene activities in ways that maintain comfort, respect, self-respect and promo ting active meshing is very important in health and social care.It is my responsibility to find out how much a service user can do independently, I usually get this information from their care jut , family or friends and by being attentive as individuals condition and needs keep changing. (58. 5. 1) I encourage service users to come in actively and help them by broad the right level of support. For example, those who can manage to clean themselves after toileting I let them do it independently and some who are not able to, I give them the required support while maintaining respect and dignity.I avoid giving less support to those who need it because this leads to individuals feeling neglected or not supported. I know very well it is also not good to give too much support that is not required because this takes away individuals independence. I make sure whatever I do for the service user shows respect and dignity, I avoid taking over their independence because this shows disrespe ct or devaluing an individual. (58. 5. 1) I make sure that I stand the service users the opportunity to use toilet facilities before they wash, bathe or get a shower, this helps in minimizing unnecessary deplumate or pain that can be caused by movements.I ensure that individuals, who are experiencing pain, do not move unnecessarily and the prescribed pain killers are given to them before the shower, bath or any wash. By doing this I am maintaining comfort, viewing maximal respect and dignity. (58. 5. 1) I always make sure that the area where the personal hygiene is going to take place is private, I get all the required materials to use ready before hand, gap the service users a choice to decide on their own what they prefer, either a bath or a shower and I respect their cultural and religious beliefs.When it comes to toileting I always ask them to find out which kind of toiletries they like to use, I ensure all the equipments for use are safe and in good order. I do find out h ow much the service user can do independently, make sure the person knows how to call for help in case they need it and I do not rush them. conk out but not least I give them maximum respect and dignity which is very important because this makes them feel secure, love and cared for properly. Some times an occupational healer can be needed to offer the service user advice on how to use some equipments and how they can manage independently.(58. 5. 1)Most of the individuals I support live in their own homes and some are in sheltered accommodation but in separate apartments. After doing laundry work, I course clothes properly, put all the clean ones neatly on hangers and in drawers. I always make sure that service users hair combs and brushes are kept clean after use, sometimes I encourage service users to remove any hair in them as a way of killing boredom.For example last week I used the following sentences to encourage Mrs. T to clean her hair equipments It seems your combs needs y our attention Mrs.T, can you have a look she laughed so loud and flat started to remove the hair and dust from them. (58. 5. 2) I do make sure that all the old creams and make up are discarded because they can harbor germs and cause infections. Some of the service users do no like throwing away their stuff, therefore in this case i use glib-tongued words such as Mrs. J, dont you think this old cream or make up will cause an irritation on your skin, it is not advisable to use any cream if it is expired.I always make sure that I hand a tissue to the service user to use and remind them that make up can bring in stains on clothes which can be difficult to remove or wash clean. For example, Ms. L was putting nail cut down on her finger nails, I gave her a napkin to protect her skirt from the vanish spills, at first she did not want to use it, but I express to her with a smile that Ms L, let me hope you this skirt will not be in the bin on Friday. She asked me, why? I replied to her , I do not this vanish we will be able to remove this vanish from this theoretical account once it spills there.She immediately asked for the napkin to protect her pleasing skirt from the vanish stains. (58. 5. 2) I do make sure individuals I support use clean shaves which are in working order and foils of electric and safety razors used for wet shaves are clean and not blunt. Some service users have a tendency of not discarding their razors even if they are blunt, in this case I use my persuasive communication language to help me sensitize them about the dangers of using such gadgets.For instance Mr.G had an attachment to his Phillips old shaving razor despite of the fact that it was blunt and not working properly, I said to him in a calm and polite way that his razor was responsible for his blisters that come up after every shave. He defended his razor and suggested changing the after shave, I make it clear to him that his idea will not solve the problem unless the new razor wa s bought. I gave him the names of places like Argos where he can get the same razor on sale and cheap, he listened to my advice and replaced the old one. (58. 5.2) I encourage individuals who prefer doing their personal care independently to keep their combs, shaving razors, make up, creams and clothes in their various(prenominal) places because this makes their rooms to look neat and organized. By giving them praises such as well done Ms. L your bathroom and bed room look very beautiful today and everything is in order, such statements proceed them. For those who cannot tidy their rooms or bathrooms, it is my responsibility to do it for them the way they like them to be. Some Individuals like their personal care items to be near them all the time or on the table next to their chair.If it is their choice I do respect it as longer as they are safe and will not be harmed by any item. (58. 5. 2) During the training and the induction as care workers we were dexterous to tell what is universal for an individual and what is not, this helps in preventing discomfort or any serious health problem happening. Because of individuality, what is habitual to Mr. J can be deviate to Mrs. M and it is always my duty to notice and note any changes or concerns and report immediately. Since my work involves providing daily support to service users, I can easily tell if there is even any slight change in some oneshealth. (58. 6. 2) For instance I know the normal urine has to be clear and husk coloured, however it usually stronger in the morning and appears more yellowish or orange. I understand very well that passageway urine should be pain less and normal, if I name that the individual is finding it difficult, I report to the omnibus immediately. If I realize the individuals urine is cloudy and smells fishy, this is a sign that the individual has an infection. I report this immediately to the manager and write it down in the enter sheet.Sometimes I do contact the indi viduals doctor to book an appellative for the service user to be examined. For example some months ago I spy that Mr. Ds colour of urine had traces of blood, I informed my manger who told me to ring the service users GP and book a medical appointment for him. Later on it was found out that he had the infection in his urethra which was hardened and his urine colour is normal now. (58. 6. 2) I always record any abnormal urine colour in the logarithm sheet and report to my manager or the supervisor the concerns immediately.I make sure the service user is informed of any abnormality or changes in their urine and for those who are independent I always keep reminding them to check the colour of their urine and inform me if they have any concerns. As with urine, what is normal feaces with one service user may be abnormal for another, therefore, it very important that i keep an eye on the colour and texture of their feaces. If I observe that the feaces of the service user are dry that means they are constipated, then I have to encourage them to take fluids and to eat plenty of fruits and vegetables.During the food and nutrition course, we were trained that it is important to give service users a diet of food with enough quality to prevent constipation. (58. 6. 2) Laxatives have been prescribed to some service users with constipation problem, I was informed to always record the food and confuse taken by each service user. I usually ask the service how their stool nature is and if they are going toilet normally. Doctors have often been referring service users to dieticians so that they can recommend changes to their diets.Since most of the people I support are elderly, I have not been encountering women of kid bearing age who need help with their menstruation periods. But still I do support ladies to keep themselves hygienically clean as women. I support them to wear panty liner or incontinence pads. to keep themselves clean. (58. 6. 2) Recording and describe on an individuals personal care in agreed ways is very important in health and social care. According to my work place, all care workers must record any personal care if necessary they can be asked to report what has been done as personal care .It is vey important to record accurately on any test of support that I give service users and note down all the health changes that I notice. The organisation I work for provided each service user with a care plan and a log sheet. It is the log sheet where each and every task done daily has to be recorded down and the name of the carer write against it.. (58. 6. 3) As a care work I have to make sure that the recorded information is accurate because there could be serious consequences as a result of poor record keeping.For example one service user declined a bath and I recorded it down, but when the social worker came to visit him, he complained that he has not been getting personal care. The recorded bit of information worked against him be cause I had put down all the excuses he was giving me to avoid a bath. When they read for him what was in the log sheet he remembered that he was the one who declined a bath but not me the care worker who did not do my duty properly. By written text all that information save me so much or else I could have faced the disciplinary deputation or expelled from work. (58. 6.3)According to my work place policy all the recorded information has to be true, for instance there is a care worker who was suspended because of recording what he had not done. He recorded what was to be done on Friday in the log sheet on Wednesday, unfortunately the service user was rushed to the hospital on Thursday night by the ambulance. On Friday morning the carer did not turn up because he had to do his private business, the office was called by the family member of that service user to inform them that his door locked door was locked and is in the hospital the carer should not go in on Friday.When the socia l worker read the information in the service users log book was showing the carer was in the house Friday and found the service user ok which was not true. The manager was informed about the contradicting information in the log book then the care worker was called to the office to come and explain what exactly happened and found all the away information, it was considered to be fraud because the care worker wanted to earn money he had not worked for. Dishonesty is not allowed when recording information and he was warned after cladding the disciplinary committee. (58. 6. 3)

Imagery in Winter’s Tale

. It is time for Polixenes, King of Bohemia, to leftover his go steady with his boyhood fri closing Leontes, King of Sicily. While the devil queers check to bid f are swell in a posit room of the Sicilian rook, a Bohemian churchman named Archidamus and a Sicilian lord named Camillo are in an antechamber discussing the extraordinary friend commit between the two rulers. Camillo, advisor to Leontes, observes that they were inseparable when growing up They were clever together in their churlhoods and there rooted in the midst of them and thusly much(prenominal) an affection, which can non choose alone finishshoot flat (1. . 10). . Archidamus says nothing leave ever light between the two queers. (His observation is an ironic betoken of a terrible jealousy that will short divide them. ) He also praises the Sicilian queers little boy, Mamillius, as the finest of lads with the brightest of futures. (This, overly, is an ominous observation. ) . In the state room, Ki ng Leontes presses King Polixenes to linger in Sicily unrivaled more week, only if Polixenes begs off, worrying slightly what may chance / Or breed (1. 2. 15-16) in Bohemia in his absence.When Hermione, the splendid wife of Leontes, joins her hubby in importuning Polixenes to extend his visit, he agrees to remain a temporary hookup bulkyer. Pulling him aside, she asks what his childhood was like with her husband. Polixenes replies, We were, fair queen, devil lads that thought there was no more can But such a day to-morrow as to-day, And to be boy eternal. (1. 2. 78-81) When Hermione asks about their childhood adventures, Polixenes says, We were as twinnd lambs that did frisk i the sun, And bleat the one at the other what we changd Was naturalness for innocence we knew notThe doctrine of ill-doing, nor dreamd That all did . . . . (1. 2. 83-87) subsequently Leontes learns that Hermione has persuaded Polixenes to stay, Leontes immediately regrets extending Polixeness welcom e, for the amicable conversation between his wife and Polixenes has envenomed him with jealousy. Apparently, Polixenes has an unduly shady eye. Perhaps Polixenes and his wife aim become too close, Leontes thinks perhaps they bedevil been meeting in secret. He even begins to wonder whether his tidings, Mamillius, is the the product of a assignation in an earlier time between Hermione and Polixenes. Later, mistrust builds upon suspicion. In a conversation with Camillo, the king openly accuses his wife of infidelity. Camillo, jarfuled, says the king sins gravely in oral presentation against her. The king replies, Is whispering nothing? Is leaning face to cheek? is meeting noses? Kissing with inside brim? stopping the career Of laughing with a sigh? (1. 2. 332-335) . Finally, he orders Camillo to let a poi paroleed cup to Polixenes. Camillo tells the king he will perform the deadly mission, just then warns the Bohemian king that his life is in danger.During the night, Polixe nes steals a representation. Camillo, estranged by Leontess behavior, accompanies Polixenes. Their sudden acquittance convinces Leontes his suspicions against Hermione are well grounded. Angry and bitter, he in public denounces his wife, who is soon to have another child, as an adulteress. after(prenominal) imprisoning her, he deprives her of the company of little Mamillius. Hermione pleads her innocence, to no avail. She is censurable Leontes is authentic of it. To confirm her guilt for others, he sends two lords, Cleontes and Dion, to the Oracle at Delphi, Greece, to request a judgment. After Hermione bides a daughter, her servant, Paulina, presents the infant to Leontes, hoping the sight of the little miss will quench his anger. However, wrathful as ever, Leontes dis professs the child accept it is not his ownand orders Paulinas husband, Antigonus, to discard it in a far-off place. Leontes then subjects Hermione to a public trial. With utmost dignity and grace, she pro claims her innocence, declaring she has always been bend to Leontes. . During the trial, Cleontes and Dion occur from Delphi with a sealed verdict from the massive Oracle.An official of the homage breaks the seal and reads the verdict Hermione is unpolluted Polixenes blameless Camillo a true subject Leontes a jealous tyrant his innocent babe in truth begotten and the king shall live without an heir, if that which is lost be not found (3. 2. 134). . Leontes rejects the verdict and orders the trial to continue. A servant interrupts the proceedings with tragic news Prince Mamillius, yearn for his jailed mothers love, has died. The news staggers Leontes, and Hermione collapses. Suddenly realizing how wrong he as been, Leontes tells Hermiones attendants to treat her gently when they escort her from the courtroom. Later, Leontes receives another shock Hermione, too, has died. Profoundly moved, the king laments his vengeful deeds and goes off to mourn. . What of the newly born child , the infant princess? As instructed, Antigonus leaves her in a far-off place, the coast of Bohemia, along with certain effects, including a note identifying the infant as Perdita, a name that came to Antigonus when he imagined he saw Hermione in a vision.But before Antigonus can return to his ship, a bear attacks and kills him and an angry sea wrecks the ship and swallows it and all aboard. Consequently, no one is left to newspaper publisher the fate of the child. A clown, the son of a 67-year-old ward, witnessed the bear attack and gives a report to his father, who break ups news of his own He has found a baby girl on the coast along with a pusher cloth and gold. Sixteen Years Pass . Shakespeare updates the sense of hearing on important developments through a verbalizer called Time.He tells the audience that Leontes now lives in concealment and that the apparelting of the drama has shifted to Bohemia, where the son of Polixenes has fallen in love with a wardess. . In Boh emia, Polixenes stews about his son, Florizel, because the new-fashioned man frequently visits the house of an elderly shepherd to woo his beautiful xvi-year-old daughter, Perdita. Because of her lowly status, she is unworthy of Florizels attentions, Polixenes believes. .Polixenes and Camillo, who has become the advisor of the king, decide to call at the shepherds house to observe Florizel and Perdita during a sheep-shearing and feast in which visitors are welcome. They wear disguises. in any case present are the old shepherd and his son a shepherdess, Mopsa (who hopes to marry the shepherds son) and her friend, Dorcas and a thief, Autolycus, who has presented himself as a seller of ballads after arriving patch singing a song. Earlier, Autolycus had picked the clowns paper bag on a road near the shepherds cottage. .When Polixenes discovers that Florizel plans to marry Perdita, Polixenes reveals his identity and threatens retaliation against anyone who abets the hook up with pl ans. Sympathizing with the lovers, Camillo persuades them to abscond to Sicily. Later, at Camillos request, Autolycus assists in the burst forth plan by gladly trading his flash clothes with the princely garb of Florizel. Dressed as a commoner, Florizel will be able to rescind detection on his way to a ship. in front returning to the palace, Camillo tells the audience in an aside that he will provoke Polixenes into acquireing the lovers.His purpose is not to betray the lovers rather, it is to go with Polixenes to Sicily, for which Camillo has been homesick these many long years in Bohemia. His scheme works and Polixenes prepares to follow the lovers in his own ship. . Elsewhere, the old shepherd and his son are on their way to see Polixenes at his palace. The shepherd carries a box containing keepsakes of Perdita from long ago. These objects, he believes, will prove that Perdita is not his daughter and, thus, alter him and his son to escape the kings wrath.On their way, they m eet Autylocus, still dressed in Florizels clothes they think he is a violet personage. When he says the king is about to embark on a ship to chase Florizel and Perdita, they offer him gold to take him to the ship and speak for them. But because he is not who he says he is, he takes them to Prince Florizels ship. All of themFlorizel, Perdita, Autolycus, the old shepherd, and his sonthen set sail for Sicily ahead of the kings ship. many an(prenominal) days pass while the ships are at sea. The setting then shifts to Sicily. .When Florizel and Perdita arrive at the palace of Leontes and wait for an audience with him, a gentleman of the court informs the king of their presence, announcing them as the Prince and Princess of Bohemia. He says the princess is the most beautiful creature he has ever seen. . After they are escorted into the court, Florizel greets Leontes on behalf of his father, Polixenes, saying an infirmity prevented Polixenes from making the switch on himself. When Leont es inquires about the lovely Perdita, Florizel describes her as the daughter of a Libyan lord.He and the princess sojourned in that African country, he says, before sailing to Sicily to carry out a mission for his father. While Leontes visits with the young couple, all of the others from Bohemia create at the court the old shepherd, his son, and Autolycus, as well as the travelers from the other shipKing Polixenes and Camillo. . Leontes, now a reformed man who is deeply condemnable for his past misdeeds, reconciles with Polixenes and Camillo. The old shepherd and his son then reveal the contents of the mysterious box of keepsakes. It contains a bearing-cloth (3. . 77) Hermione had given to Antigonus. Leontes recognizes it as Hermiones, unique because of a bejewel on it. He also recognizes the handwriting in the note Antigonus left before a bear attacked and killed him. Just as convincing as these items identifying Perdita is the unprecedented resemblance Perdita bears to Hermion e. King Leontes joyfully reunites with his daughter and accepts Florizel as his future son-in-law Polixenes accepts Perdita as his future daughter-in-law. . Leontess joy, though, is tinged with sadness, for he still grieves over the loss of Hermione.Paulina, the servant who sixteen years before pleaded on Hermiones behalf, then invites Leontes to her house to show him a statue of Hermione, sculpted by an Italian master. While the royals and nobles are on their way to Paulinas, Autolycus begs and receives the forgiveness of the old shepherd and his son for deceiving them defend in Bohemia, then taking their gold and displace them on the wrong ship. . Upon viewing the statue at Paulinas house, Leontes discovers that it is no statue it is the real Hermione. She has been living in concealing with Paulina these many years praying for the return of her daughter.Paulina was afraid to disclose Hermiones whereabouts for fear of interfering with the will of the Delphic Oracle, as expresse d in the prediction that the king shall live without an heir, if that which is lost be not found (3. 2. 134). In other words, Leontesif reunited earlier with Hermionemight have fathered another child. In so doing, he would have produced an heir before his lost child had been found. The will of the Oracle would have been defeated. When Perdita appears, Hermione rejoices and invokes the gods to bless her child.The joy of the affaire spills over to include a proposal by Leontes that Camillo and Paulina marry. . And what of Mamillius, the little prince? Nothing can bring him back, but Leontes does have a new son in the person of Florizel. . Now Available Shakespeare a cash in ones chips to the Complete Works. In Hardback & bound By the Author of This Web Site . eyepatch Summaries of All the Plays and Narrative Poems Themes Imagery Historical footing Glossaries Shakespeares Theatre Drama Terms Essays Analysis of the Sonnets and oftentimes More .. . Characters . Protagonist King Leontes Antagonist The Kings green-eyed monster and Suspicious Nature . Leontes King of Sicilia (Sicily). He is a headstrong man who is at origin control more by emotions than reason. His unfounded suspicions against his wife, Hermione, and his friend, King Polixenes, key him from both of them and cause him to reject his infant daughter. His below the belt satisfys also indirectly result in the remainder of his son, Mamillius. In many ways, he resembles the flawed protagonists of Greek tragedy however, reforms himself before it is too late.Hermione Honorable and hard-core Queen of Sicilia. Polixenes King of Bohemia. He opposes his sons marriage to Perdita, believing her to be a commoner. Although he accepts Perdita at the end of the play, he does so only after he learns her true identity. Whether he has overcome his prejudice against commoners system open to question. Perdita Extraordinarily beautiful daughter of Leontes and Hermione. Florizel Prince of Bohemia. Mamil lius juvenile prince of Sicilia. His death adds a tragic element to the play. Camillo unsloped advisor of King Leontes.After Leontes order him to acerbate Polixenes, Camillo returns with Polixenes to Bohemia and becomes his advisor. Old Shepherd Reputed father of Perdita. He is 67 when the infant Perdita is found and 83 at the end of the play. Clown The shepherds son. Autolycus A comic thief and peddler who assists Florizel and Perdita. Gaoler (Jailer) Paulina Loyal attendant of Hermione. Antigonus Kindly husband of Paulina. He rescues the infant Perdita and takes her to Bohemia. Cleomenes, Dion Lords of Sicilia. Archidamus A Lord of Bohemia. seaman Crewman of the ship that carries Antigonus and Perdita to Bohemia. Emilia Lady care Hermione. Mopsa, Dorcas Shepherdesses. Rogero Lord who tells other gentlemen that a prophecy by the Delphic Oracle has been fulfilled. Minor Characters Other lords, gentlemen, ladies, officers, servants, shepherds, shepherdesses. . Settings . The acti on takes place in Sicily (or Sicilia) and Bohemia. Sicily is a large island wolfram of the toe of Italys boot. Bohemia was a kingdom within the boundaries of the current Czech republic, between present-day Poland on the northwesterly and Austria on the south.In ancient times, a Gaelic people called the Boii settled the land that became Bohemia. In The Winters Tale, Bohemia has a coastline along which ships arrive and debark. In real life, Bohemia was a landlocked region it was entirely surrounded by terra firma. Shakespeare may have been a magnificent writer, but he was no geographer. .. Climax . The flood tide of a play or another narrative work, such as a short story or a novel, can be defined as (1) the turning point at which the conflict begins to purpose itself for better or worse, or as (2) the last-place and most exciting event in a series of events.The climax of The Winters Tale occurs, according to the first definition, when Leontes receives news of the death of his wife and son, then owns up to the grave sin he has committed in doubting the fidelity of his wife. According to the second definition, the climax occurs in the final act when Leontes reunites with his daughter, whom he bedraggled when she was an infant, and with his wife, whom he thought was dead.