Relationship between Private and Public Police Essay

In the beginning before private security it was the responsibility of the public police to protected the society and property within their jurisdiction that public law enforcement served. In today’s society public police work hand and hand with private security on a regular basis, either in public or in private functions. Also in today’s society you see off duty cops working as a part-time security officer at a local retailer or safeguarding assets for a company. Certain cities have giving Security officers within certain jurisdiction, such as Boston the power to make arrest do to the lack of public officers availability. The major thing that has changed over time for both public and private security and public servants is the training they must go through before entering the streets or the property they are protecting. The training and education and public officer must get is very hard and they must pass the training and schooling to be hired within the department, it is more in depth compared to what a normal security officer must go through. Security officer now half to go through a lot more training then they use to they must be able to handle people and deal with people on a daily basis. The training for a security officer has really change over the years it’s not only getting a drug test and background check some security companies not do extensive training because of the public views the security. Companies have chosen to educate the security officer because of liability problems that have occurred and exist in the workplace as a result companies have trained professional individuals to work within private security. Large security companies have realized how important security officers are for the public and how important it is to have trained security officer and increasing level of professionalism within the security officer force to establish better contracts to compete with public law enforcement officers. Normally public officers receive there pay from tax payers and are part of unions that back officers up. With that said most officer are not held accountable for their actions compared to an individual private security  officer. On the other hand private security officer can also avoid more serious liability issues, such as law suit due to someone constitutional rights, and injuries that they may have cause by passing them off to the company they work for due to the companies policy. Over the recent years there has been major increases within the hiring of private security officer compared to using local public law officer. It is becoming a huge trend to hire local private security to protect CEOs, political figures, and celebrity figures. They are now using private security companies to be personal protection which are subcontracted out to these individual in need of security. They important people have hired these personal security guards to protected them and also there assets. The small business have also started hiring private security officers to protected them and their assets You use to see Local law enforcement patrolling private property or parking lots but now you have private security taking over those roles. You also have private security such as shopping malls, casinos, and even airports have hired private security officers to protected the business assets. This is not just happening with security guards you also have private investigators who have started taken over the local law enforcement role in investigating murders, rapes, and abductions. Due to not enough funding for public law enforcement, companies like Target have open up their own investigation center that investigate crimes with in there company without having local law enforcement do it for them. Private security companies can now investigate crimes side by side with the police department and also work longer on the case compared to the police department because of funding. Private investigators have been known to build cases against criminals that will support the laws case or it can work the other way and the defendant can hire a private investigator to support their case to prove there innocent. The relationship between the public police and the private security are becoming more positive in a really good way. People are noticing that there is not enough public police officer to protected all of the community so to  let private security take over some of the roles it helps public police do jobs they may actual need to do. Companies have noticed that it is better to have extra eyes watching over there companies. Criminals will also noticed that private security officer and police officer are now working together and are not conflicting with each other and will it will prevent criminals from doing criminal behavior. The only down side for police is the concern that private security officer will take over for local law enforcement and they will be pushed out which puts a negative impact on private security officer to a point where local police officers are upset because they have dedicated their lives to their training and sole propose of becoming a police officer. There is a conflict between public and private space, which in fact can influence the relationship between private security and public police. Police at any time can detain someone that is a threat to someone or can even question them after being apprehend. Private security on the other hand cannot employ any police powers and may only detain and arrest as a citizen. Also Public police must have probably cause to search someone, while private security is exempt from violation an individual 5th amendment rights. Reference Li, G. (2008). Private security and Public policing. Retrieved May 10, 2009, from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/85-002-x/2008010/article/10730-eng.htm

Differentiating Between Market Structures

Public goods are goods from which the whole community can take benefit without the need of purchasing them. Private goods on contrast are ones from which the public can only take benefit by purchasing them. And it holds no external benefit for others. Public goods are more to do with government actions, while markets can efficiently allocate private goods. Ten loaves of bread can be divided in many ways but others cannot take benefit of the loaf I eat. I pay for it and thus only I can benefit from it as it’s a private good.On the other hand national defense once provided, affects everyone equally. Nothing would change the amount of national security being provided. It’s the same for all (Blurt it, 2009). Common resources are goods that are rival but not excludable. This means that the fishes in the ocean for example are rivalries because when a person catches the fish, there are fewer fish for the next person to catch whereas they aren’t excludable because it is difficult to stop people from fishing. Public goods and common resources are both available to all.Natural monopoly exists as a result of high fixed costs operating in an industry. It’s a situation where for technical reasons there cannot be more than one provider of a good. Public utilities are usually considered to be natural monopolies. Basically, private goods are those that are excludable and rival both. Public goods are which are neither excludable nor rival. Common resources are rival but not excludable and lastly the natural monopolies consist of goods that are excludable but not rival.The demand and supply of labor are determined in labor market. The participants in the labor market are workers. Workers supply labor to firm in exchange for wages. Firms demand labor from workers in exchange for wages. The labor demand is the amount of labor a firm is willing to employ at a given point in time. This type of demand may not necessarily be in long-run equilibrium and is d etermined by the real wage, this labor is paid willingly by the firms and the amount of labor the workers are willing to supply at that wage.The labor supply in a market is the number of workforce available or the human resources in a particular labor market. The supply of labor is the number of hours the workers work at a given real wage rate. An increased wage rate increases the number of income earned and increase the opportunity costs (Cliff Notes, n. d. ). Supply and demand curves shift and intersect. Where they meet is current labor equilibrium. The labor equilibrium is where the demand for labor and the supply of labor are equal. Labor demand curve shifts with changes in booms, recessions, and productivity etc.Supply curve shifts with things such as increase in working population, decrease in non-work benefit etc. An increase in labor demand results in an increase in both the equilibrium wage and the equilibrium level of employment. A reduction in it results in a decrease in both the equilibrium wage and the equilibrium level of employment. An increase in labor supply whereas results in a lower equilibrium wage, but an increased equilibrium level of employment. Conversely, a reduction in labor supply results in a higher equilibrium wage but a lower equilibrium level of employment. Differentiating Between Market Structures Kudler Fine Foods is an organization that offers gourmet foods and wines to the San Diego Metropolitan area. The organization currently has three locations (La Jolla, Del Mar, and Encinitas). Kudler Fine Foods stocks its fresh bakery, fresh produce, fresh meats and seafood, condiments and packaged foods, and cheeses and specialty dairy departments with local and imported goods. Kudler Fine Foods’ motto is Shopping the World for the Finest Foods and its mission statement is Kudler Fine Foods is committed to providing our customers with the finest selection of the very best foods and wines so that your culinary visions can come true.Both Kudler’s motto and mission statement speak to the organizations passion of wanting to provide only the very best to their customers. In reviewing Kudler Fine Foods’ information, the organization appears to be competing quite well in the marketplace. The financials portion of Kudler’s strategic plan show the organization stay ing on the positive side of the profit margin despite only four months out of the year of above average sales. Also noted in the strategic plan are every store that in some way are similar to Kudler Fine Foods. These stores are more focused on supplying their customers with one or two services.Because Kudler Fine Foods carries a larger variety of items, these stores only pose a small threat, if any, to Kudler Fine Foods. Kudler Fine Foods does plan to close one of their current locations and open a store in another location but this is not because of competition, rather a smaller customer base. Kudler Fine Foods’ marketing overview shows an aggressive plan on how the organization will change certain aspects in different areas of the company. There is plan for a new frequent shopper program, which is nontraditional in a sense and will give customers rewards instead of discounted prices.Ideas on how to expand the organizations services to for its customers increase revenue as w ell as how to increase efficiency and cut costs for the company are also mentioned. The expansion of services will include offering parties in the store to teach the consumer on how to prepare properly gourmet dishes using items sold at the store locations. These sessions will be conducted be celebrity chef, food experts, and others. Merchandise selection and pricing is also addressed in the marketing overview.Providing total customer satisfaction by way of constantly introducing new food items is the focus on how to accomplish this task. The marketing surveys for Kudler Fine Foods shows an average of about 71% of customers shopping at the Kudler Fine Foods to be satisfied all around. However, the customer satisfaction rate did drop by 1. 02% from 2011 to 2012. Although a one percent drop in customer satisfaction is not largely significant, if the issues in which the drop is associated with are not addressed, Kudler Fine Foods can expect a bigger drop every year as customer find new er stores to shop at.Looking more closely at the surveys, they focused on the stores hours, atmosphere and decor, selection of products, whether the merchandise was a good value for the money, attractiveness on how the merchandise is displayed, satisfaction with the purchased merchandise, if the customer service representatives were courteous and knowledgeable, and the customers over-all satisfaction with the store. Although most of the areas the surveys touched on showed a customer satisfaction rate of 70% or more, there were a few areas that were at a satisfaction rate in the 60% range.However, the survey results do show one area in which the customers were more dissatisfied than satisfied in both 2011 and 2012. This area was whether the merchandise sold was a good value for the money. In 2011, 58. 22% of customers were dissatisfied in this area. That number went up to 58. 83% in 2012. Although not a large increase in percentage, this still does reflect the dissatisfaction rate in this area is climbing every year. Kudler Fine Foods organization appears to fall under the monopolistic competition market structure.First, in the strategic plan it states â€Å"Kathy Kudler is the vision behind the organization. She intends to grow and expand the business for 10 – 15 years, at which time she will reach retirement age. Her intent is to sell the entire organization at that time and no longer be involved in the operation†. This signifies that there is an easy entry and exit in this type of market, which is a feature of a monopolistic competition market structure. Second, in the Competitive Analysis section of the strategic plan it lists multiple stores in the same area as the Kudler Fine Foods location are and sell similar products.However, since the products being sold at these other stores are not exactly equal in brand and quality as what Kudler Fine Foods offers, this also points to the organization as being a monopolistic competition market structu re. Although Kudler Fine Foods is defined as a monopolistic competition type market structure, it does not fully fall under the same set of rules that a full monopoly type organization has. For instance, Kudler Fine Foods can set prices for the products it sells because its competition only offers similar products rather than exact product.However, if Kudler Fine Foods sets its prices too high, its customers have the option to shop for similar products elsewhere where the price is more to their liking. Kudler Fine Foods must find the precise price where it can maximize profits but not run their supply to low where the run the risk of not being able to meet the customers’ demands. Once Kudler Fine Foods finds the correct equilibrium price, it can expect to see long-term profits. Some recommendations of competitive strategies for Kudler Fine Foods would be to continue to offer new products to their customers on a regular basis.Offering new products that competitors do not offer will ensure that Kudler Fine Foods controls that portion of the market. Another recommendation for Kudler Fine Foods would be to investigate and determine why eight months out of the year their profits are lower than the other four months. After concluding why this is, Kudler Fine Foods should proceed with a more aggressive ad campaign, initiate special product pricing, and any other strategies to increase their profits in these low performing months.A company comparable to Kudler Fine Foods would be Williams-Sonoma. With 252 locations that span 45 states, four provinces, and two countries, the Williams-Sonoma organization is enormously larger than Kudler Fine Foods, but offers the same type of products. These products range from organic and gourmet foods and wines and high quality and high priced utensils, cookware, bakeware, and many other items needed to produce a gourmet meal.

Zeno of Elea

1. â€Å"There can be no creation, for being cannot come from non-being, because a thing cannot arise from that which is different from it.†Eleatics school2. Explain why for Zeno, plurality is impossible.3. Is there a possibility of motion in the world of essence? why?4. Why is nous inevitable in the dynamic system of the universe?5. Differentiate love from strife; discuss their roles in the cosmological balance.6. Ignis aurum probat, miseria fortes viros.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Fire is the test of gold; adversity, of strong men.†7. â€Å"For what prevents us from saying that the happy life is to have a mind that is free, lofty, fearless and steadfast – a mind that is placed beyond the reach of fear, beyond the reach of desire, that counts virtue the only good, baseness the only evil, and all else but a worthless mass of things, which come and go without increasing or diminishing the highest good, and neither subtract any part from the happy life nor add any part to it?A man thus grounded must, whether he wills or not, necessarily be attended by constant cheerfulness and a joy that is deep and issues from deep within, since he finds delight in his own resources, and desires no joys greater than his inner joys.†.The concept of creation is an attribute only for God, its beyond human comprehension and explanation of science. I believe that there is one Supreme Being responsible in the creation of the universe, the existence of humans and everything that exist, immaterial or material. This belief of universal oneness or sameness of being by the eleatics is undeniably wrong; we can prove this by looking at these different creatures that exists. Are they the same?Zeno believes that there could not be more than one thing, on pain of  contradiction. Assume then that there are many things; he argues that they are both ‘limited’ and ‘unlimited’, a contradiction.Zeno argues that it is impossible for a runner to traverse a race cou rse. His reason is that â€Å"motion is impossible, because an object in motion must reach the half-way point before it gets to the end† Why is this a problem? Because the same argument can be made about half of the race course: it can be divided in half in the same way that the entire race course can be divided in half. And so can the half of the half of the half, and so on, ad infinitum. So a crucial assumption that Zeno makes is that of infinite divisibility: the distance from the starting point to the goal can be divided into an infinite number of parts. Thus the concept of motion by zeno is very miss leading and erroneous.Nous is the most powerful thing in the cosmos (universe) controlling the rotation in our society and all ensouled things. It is inevitable because our mind and intellect has all the judgment and discernment about all thingsLove is responsible for the attraction of different forms of matter, and Strife is cause for their separation. If these elements mak e up of the universe, then Love and Strife explain their variation and harmony. Love and Strife are attractive and repulsive forces, respectively, which is plainly observable in human behavior, but also pervade the universe. In other words it preserves the balance of human interaction towards all sorts of human’s natural desire.Mistakes are inevitable, and failures are necessary for success – It's a fact. Nobody reap their success in life easily, as quoted â€Å"no pain no gain† so don’t be afraid to try and failed, it is where we become stronger and a test of a real man.Happiness is the ultimate search of a person. But I believe that everyone should experience also uncertainties in the pursuit of real happiness. It’s not only being

The Quality of Construction Sector in the Middle East Essay

The Quality of Construction Sector in the Middle East - Essay Example Currently the Gulf alone has at least two trillion worth of active building projects. Leisure oriented construction is taking place as most of the Middle East countries develop a strategy of becoming major holiday destinations for the developed economies. The Middle East construction industry spending is projected to reach five trillion dollars in the next ten years, which translates to an eighty percent growth rate. The huge budgetary allocations and investments done by the United Arab Emirates government in the construction industry is commendable and this results to a huge number of construction jobs in the country. Due to the huge investments in the construction industry, construction companies in the Middle East are adequately preparing to deal with the skills shortage in the industry and thus fill in the positions of structural specialists, environmental consultants, quantity surveyors, cost-engineering supervisors, planning engineers and concrete framework designer among other s (Gorgenlander, 2011). In 2010, the Saudi Arabia government allocated one hundred and forty- seven billion dollars for to the construction sector. Due to such huge budgetary allocations, Saudi Arabia is the largest construction market in the Middle East. Being the largest non-oil economic sector, the construction sector in Saudi Arabia is driven by, new mortgage laws that favor investment, high population growth, an increased demand by the foreign investors, high liquidity and low-interest financing (Iqbal, 2001). The government regulations in Saudi Arabia that ease the process of residential mortgages has ensured progressive development within the Middle East region. The potential for construction projects has been strengthened by the development of finance support to the consumer market. Qatar has committed more than one hundred billion US dollars to be used in the construction industry (Sayed, 1997). Construction professionals around the world have caught the attention of the ic onic structures in the Middle East such as the Burj Arab and the Burj Khalifa in Dubai. The growing population in the Middle East is seeking high quality, cost-effective living and amenities in the region. This rapid growth in the construction sector in the Middle East is echoed by the seventy-three huge construction projects such as Burj Khalifa, Al Reem Island, Dubai Metro, Dubai Mall and Meydan Race Course that Malaysia is undertaking across Middle East (Kazi, 2005). Several countries in the Middle East such as Iran have developed large-scale construction industry. This is attributed to the war that resulted to the destruction of many of the country’s structures and social amenities hence the need for restructuring and rebuilding. The success in the construction sector in the Middle East has been attributed to the privatization of the sector. The construction industry in the Middle East is strengthened by oil rich countries in the region especially in the United Arab Emira tes, the rise in oil income, the growth of non-oil sector, the tax-free environment and attractive salaries especially to the imported work force. However, the restart of Iran’s nuclear weapon program, the continued conflicts in the Gulf Cooperation Council region hence the worsening of security and the worsening of the international financial risks have greatly influenced negatively on the construction industry in the Middle East (Chiang, Raftery, & Anson, 2005). Poor construction

Leadership in Global Health Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership in Global Health Care - Essay Example ctiveness, and agility whereas her negative attributes include being judgmental, occasional lack of understanding, and too much kindness, so I would like her to change her negative attributes while strengthening the positive ones. As a nurse, my mother has to deal with patients on daily basis. Patients come from different backgrounds, have different cultures and ethnicities. Some speak English well while others do not. Some act restless because of the pain of their injury, illness, or disease, while others are frustrated by the environment of the hospital. It is not uncommon for a patient to lose his temper for no good reason. In such times, my mother remains patient and maintains her cool. She immediately attends them, and tries to address their concern. Likewise, my mother is often suddenly called on duty which is not scheduled. She might have to serve in place of a nurse on-leave. She tends to understand it and does not mind. â€Å"Good leaders are patient† (Adventure Scouts USA, 2007). My mother is quite pro-active in her approach. She remains completely aware of the present circumstances, and tends to forecast the future depending upon them. For example, she always maintains two sets of documents, one in hard copy and one in soft copy to make sure she has another version available if one is somehow lost. Before going on duty, she has the list of tasks to do ready with her so that nothing is delayed or missed out. My mother is very active. She follows a weight-loss as well as energy-boosting plan. She takes several short meals in a day that help her maintain a high metabolism. Most of these meals are based on fresh fruits and vegetables. In addition, she jogs for at least 20 minutes in the morning. She is not weight-conscious as she is already very smart. She does all this to maintain a high energy level. She says that controlling diet and doing exercise helps her remain active throughout the day both physically and mentally. At times, my mother gets a

Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 85

Summary - Essay Example The authors provide useful information by indicating that minority ethnic groups are usually alternative consumers because they have a different culture compared to the mainstream population. The authors indicate that migration usually leads to increased presence of minority ethnic groups within a country. These groups are important, making it fundamental to consider their needs during marketing. In order to reach them, the marketers must embrace marketing strategies that are different from the macro community in the same country. In order to reach out to the minority ethnic groups, the marketers should apply procedures that several companies use when dealing with ethical problems. However, one may question such an ideology based on the divergent opinions from scholars and technocrats. It is impossible to apply organizational techniques to address the marketing needs of minority individuals. It is worth restating that failure to formulate comprehensive techniques would only lead to collapse of a marketing

Marketing in Global Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing in Global Financial Crisis - Essay Example The global value proposition reveals the insights achieved from extensive global research into consumers' existing, as well as potential requirements, in addition to the business's leadership statement. It explains the emotional  and practical advantages to customers and motives why the company will deliver. The value proposition will help significantly in differentiating from the competitors. Rather than being identified as offering everything for everyone, the business will be identified as the world’s strongest economic society (Simchi-Levi, p. 183, 2010). The long-term brand policy, along with brand structural design, pursues a one-brand vision, and promoted by the brand communication and campaigns. Consumers gain knowledge from experience whether the assurance behind a brand is factual or bogus, especially in times of global financial crisis. The global financial crisis has called for a number of strong points that can assist to differentiate a company for its stakehold ers. For this purpose, companies should implement an innovative communication approach that will meet the requirement to change the position and revitalize the brand. The innovative communication policy should leverages on this strength: it produces a new sort of discussion with the consumers and is even more open as well as transparent than before. Well-known brands keep developing their brand identity to progress with the times, constantly keeping the most identifiable components. That way they continue to look fresh and advanced, securing brand stability at the same time. The redesign reveals the brand policy with respect to the different prerequisites of the local... This paper stresses that traders are increasingly launching low cost ranges into their superstore’s shelves. The private-label merchandise is turning out to be a smart substitute to the cost responsive customer in times of global financial crisis. In a recent survey, 61 percent of customers said they were switching to inexpensive grocery brands in the financial crisis and approximately one-third of them said that they would carry on to buy low-priced grocery items even when the financial recession is finished. The author of the essay declares that the global financial crisis has a considerable impact on the way customers shop for groceries. With the purpose of getting the best value for their condensed earnings, customers are shopping around for the top bargains and increasingly dividing their grocery spending across at least four different sellers. For businesses, long-term policies may be the most important factor to brand success. When customers come out of the tough times, they may intentionally choose not to change all of their new practices and revert. An increasing number of customers are looking around for a bargain to shop, and this was obvious in a number of studies. This report makes a conclusion that marketing is struggling to meet the challenge of different communities. The majority of customers rely on the opinion of acquaintances and strangers more than official marketing.

Recycling in the hospitality Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Recycling in the hospitality - Case Study Example This is done by a mutual exchange and fulfilment 'f promises." [1] There has been a very notable change in the concept 'f using traditional transactional marketing to building and maintaining relationships. This assignment talks about relationship and direct marketing and how it is used in today's world. To make things comprehensible, a company was chosen and the focus was made on this company and their dealings. Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, the founder 'f the Tata Group, incorporated the Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL) on April 1, 1902, for the ownership and operation 'f the Taj Mahal Hotel, Mumbai. The Taj Group's first hotel, The Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, Mumbai was opened on December 16, 1903. The Taj has had momentous innings spanning the last three decades both in India and overseas and has established itself as the premier hospitality body in this country. Indian Hotels' presence spans the entire gamut 'f the market, across different brands and price segments. It is renowned for providing world-class, personalized service to guests, even as it retains an old-world charm by upholding the traditions and heritage 'f India. Today the Taj brand is synonymous with luxury and service, in India and abroad. The Taj brand is divided into 3 categories, namely business, leisure and luxury. This is done to make things easier and more approachable for a customer. All these hotels use product differentiation. This is made evident and clear through their marketing activities. However, the services offered here are the same. Each type 'f category uses a set 'f procedures and policies to maintain relationship marketing. The focus at IHCL is on customer valuation, which then leads to attracting new customers and customer retention. The Taj believes in maintaining customer relationships. As shown in the value chain earlier, Taj has two main customers. This is her guest and the Travel agencies that she deals with. A customer is valued and identified by market research. He is then attracted with schemes and programs. Once a customer is attracted and starts using Taj services, a focus is made on building a strong and special relationship with him. Taj has an alliance with Thomas Cook. This is the main travel agency, which promotes Taj. Besides Thomas cook, there are hundreds 'f travel agencies which deal with Taj. These range from the biggest agencies in India like the travel corporation 'f India and Sita Travels to the smaller agencies all over the country. Taj has won international acclaim by winning various international awards. Recently, at the 2000 Selling Long-Haul magazine Travel Industry Awards, UK and Irish travel agents have awarded Taj Hotels as the Best Individual Hotel/Hotel Group in India/Indian Ocean. The travel agencies are offered discounts, schemes, promotions and packages, which they can further sell, to the customers. It also has alliances with a few

I need a summary for those 3 articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

I need a summary for those 3 articles - Essay Example Meanwhile the Quakers also made a minimal contribution to the college movement. In later times, Methodist and Baptist started establishing colleges which was a resort to middle class society of America. The American colleges soon became a medium of social investment. The American colleges gave birth to a concept of ‘self taught and self made man’ .By the end of 19th century, American colleges also propagated that a man should not spend more than half of his time on studies. An English men visiting American definitely found a very motivated young men and students who could serve the country at the best in the future. The American universities are in hard situation as to make choices in protecting the academic value and there were no political body taking leadership for it. Some universities prefer quality and want to preserve it and proved that they have brain as well as body.Some universities wants to improve the quality of citizen ship and ethical conduct of students .Few universities which maintained their integrity and marveled were Harvard, Stanford, Cornell, Yale, MTI,Brown, Berkeley and Michigan.Accomodating large number of students always been the problem faced by many universities.As economic growth is the responsibility of the Federal government , they are supposed to give subsidies to the graduates to increase productivity. The two areas which offer opportunity in America is education and healthsector.Higher education is becoming business minded where as they should be interested in producing good citizens with creative talent and productivity.Universties and society is interrelated and universities need to utilize full resources to upgrade the students and their utility to the society. Magnet schools which introduced in America in 20th century, gained popularity in 1970s as they promoted racial diversity and improved scholarship opportunities and catered to individual needs and interests of students.

Coursework for Job application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coursework for Job application - Essay Example The Ofcom website tells of a minimum requirement of a 2:1 achievement in a degree in which the relevant subject must form all, or a significant part, of the degree. I satisfy this requirement easily. In addition, my outstanding academic results have allowed me to obtain the TARC Engineering Scholarship for my Diploma. I strongly participate in extra-curricular activities, which was recognized by my achieving the UNSW Faculty of Engineering Dean’s Award 2008. Through my involvement in extracurricular activities at school, I have developed a sense of responsibility and a deeper understanding of dealing with people, which are the key skills Ofcom requires of its graduates. Broadcasting and Telecommunications is my specialization. I have undergone advance training at the United Kingdom Telecommunications Academy (UKTA). In UKTA, I completed the program in Radio, Mobile and Cellular Communications conducted at Blandford Forum, Dorset as provided by SCN Ltd. I spent my placement year with Global Communication Technologies Ltd. Here I analyzed network designs of systems with my team. I enjoyed the network analysis and teamwork experience. I also demonstrated my initiative and my innovative thinking by designing a more practical version of the network which effectively improved communication among substations. The work I have done at Global Communication Technologies Ltd seems to mesh well with the qualifications Ofcom desires in a communications engineer. c. I can function well in any job placement. I am easily taught. Recognitions of my academic excellence (e.g. recipient of TARC Engineering Scholarship) are proof that I can think both analytically and creatively about complex problems, and explain them confidently and succinctly to a variety of audiences. a. I am a fresh graduate. Though I do have work experience

The Concept Of Libel Essay Example for Free

The Concept Of Libel Essay This thesis seeks to look at the constituents of libel and distinguished from slander. The paper shall therefore begin by laying down a definition of the term libel and later look at the key elements that ought to be proved in a libel suit in reference to the New York Times Co. V. Suillivan suit and lastly look at the defenses that exist and the place of press ombudsman in handling libel cases. The laws of different jurisdictions have laid down distinctions between libel (a written defamation) and/or slander (an oral defamation). This thesis looks into defamation indepthly. Defamation has been defined in general terms as a communication which exposes a person to hatred, ridicule, or contempt, lowers such persons esteem, causes him to be shunned or injures him in his business or calling. (Phelps and Hamilton; 1966). It is therefore any written communication that holds a person up to contempt hatred, ridicule or scorn, thus in establishing a case of libel, one must proof that words published actually damaged the reputation of the person. (Roger V. Jackson Sun Newspaper 23 M. L. R. 1670 [1995]) and that at lease a significant minority of the community belief that as a result of these publications the plaintiff has been damaged. (Saudner V. WHYY TV, 382 A 2d. 257, [1998]). Injury that amounts from Libel is viewed in numerous ways. The injury may be as to have only hurt the reputation or it may have lowered ones reputation as to deprive them off their rights to enjoy social contacts. On the other hand, a person’s ability to hold a job or make a living may also be injured. (Yankwich; 1956) A person thus needs to show that they have been injured in one of the three ways for compensations to occur in libel suits. The institution of civil action for libel can be brought by any person however in instances where such persons die, it is a general principle that libel suits can not proceed or be instituted. However, the enactment of survival statutes in some jurisdictions has enabled relatives to proceed with such suits in instances where the plaintiff dies. In examining the locus standi of incorporated business they are entitled to actions for libel, however, cities, countries and agencies for the American government and governments the general can not excise loci standi in libel quite (City of Chicago . v. tribune publishing co. 139 n. e. 2d 86 [1923]) . The concept of burden of proof heavily lies on the plaintiff in libel cases. He must establish five key element of which this section shall delve into briefly before the law recognizes a statement and /or comment as being civil libel, it must be published According to law, publication occurs when one person, in addition to the writer and person who is defamed hear or see the material. Oftenly publication in newspapers or broadcast on television is presumed to have been disclosed to third parties. (Hornby. v. Hunter 385 S. W 2d 473 [1964]). Secondly the injured party must show the court that the exclusion of his name on the list of his best selling book was defamatory was held not to have validity as it had not specified his name in the list. The plaintiff must therefore be identified in the New York Times . v. Sullivan; the Montgomery police commissioner sought damages for false defamatory statement about the conduct of the Montgomery police department though he was never named in the ad. He contended that the comments on behavior of police also reflected on him. It was however established that plaintiff fell under the definition of all-purpose public figure whose job occupation is that of pervasive power and influence they are deemed public figures. Thirdly the examination of words as to constitute defamatory language is of essence . In libel cases, words are ordinarily considered in light of their ordinary meaning unless the evidence is persuasive as to show that the defendant meant something else(Mc Bride . v. Mewell Dow). Libel plaintiff must generally prove that the defamatory statements are false. This concept of falsity however differs with regards to public and private entities. In this case, if the plaintiff is a private person, they must prove the falsity of the libelous statement only when the subject matter is a matter of public concern (Philadelphia news paper Inc. v. Hepps). In the new York Times Co. v. Sullivan, the US court unanimously reversed the decision in this case stating that Sullivan could not recover damages in the case unless he proved that the defendant published false and defamatory advertisement knowingly or that the paper exhibited reckless disregard for the truth when it printed the material. The proof of reckless disregard for the truth was established in Garrison. v. Louisiana , by proving that the defendant had a high degree of awareness of probable falsity. The defenses that lie within a libel suit fall under the enactment of the first Amendment that establish the freedom for airing one’s opinion. However a person cannot also sue for libel if he or she has consented to the publication of the defamatory material (Pressley. v. Continental Can co. ). In another case, defense falls under the concept of right to reply which is mostly interpreted as a self-defense concept where if a person has written defamatory statements about another party, such party may reply in defense. Reference: American Law Institute: 379 U. S. 64(1964). Restatement of Tort 2 ed, Philadelphia American Law. Ashley, P. Say it safely. 5th ed. Seuttle University of Washington Press 1976. D,H. B. Libel law Doesn’t Work. But can it be fixed and in what price? Libel law and freedom of the press; Marton. L. New York(1993). Phelps, Robert, and Douglas Hamilton, Libel. New York:Macmillan 1966. Sinolla,Rodney. Suing the Press, New York: Oxford University Press,1986.

Plain Packaging on Cigarettes Essay Example for Free

Plain Packaging on Cigarettes Essay Tobacco laws have started as early as the 1970s (ACOSH, 2010). Government has implanted laws, such that of the Tobacco Act (1987), which goals are to discourage the smoking of tobacco, encouraging non-smokers; in particular young people to not start smoking, to limit the exposure of children and young people to the persuasion of smoking, to encourage and assists smokers to give up smoking, and finally the promotion of good well being and illness prevention. The tobacco act of 1897, had over the years since, been reformed, and it seems like there is no stopping now. To further reinforce its initial goal, recently the Australian government reformed this Tobacco Act. The Australian government had announced, the 25% increase in tobacco tax, plain packaging on tobacco products to be implemented in the near future of 2012, ban on tobacco advertisement on the internet, as well as major increase in funding for tobacco media campaigns (ACOSH, 2010). The implementation of plain packaging on tobacco products of the announcement fueled a major debate with very opposing views. Those against tobacco plain packaging bring up issues of illicit trading, trademark rights, and lack of evidence; that plain packaging would in fact reduce cigarette consumptions (PMI, 2010). On the contrary, anti-smoking groups and health advocates, such as World Health Organizations (WHO), Cancer Council Australia (CCA, 2010) fully supports the new reformation to the Tobacco Act. They argue that plain packing would make cigarettes less appealing, and eliminates any last straw of advertisements, which the tobacco companies have put in placed, to begin with, to promote consumption of their tobacco products. Firstly, Tobacco Companies argue that plain packaging implementation is an unintelligent move on the government. Tobacco companies propose that plain packaging would promote illicit trading. Philip Morris international (PMI), one of the leading international tobacco companies views are that they are opposing the legislation mandating plain packaging. PMI state that they support effective regulation of tobacco based on harm reduction (PMIMSA, 2010). However they feel that plain packaging is too extreme, and that the government has gone too far. PMI states that Plain packaging would be easier to be counterfeited, as the plain packaging are simple and are not designed uniquely. This illicit trading would cause a major loss in the government revenue, stating that the government would lose an estimated of $40. 5 billions of dollars annually (PMIMSA, 2010). With illicit trading the Tobacco Company also believed that it will spark a new problem; that the counterfeited tobacco products would be more harmful to smokers. Tobacco Company believes that with the counterfeit tobacco products, consumers are not guaranteed that their products are safe, because of poor quality, since it has been found that counterfeited products of tobacco contains â€Å"rat droppings, fiber glass†¦ and high levels of toxic chemicals. † (PMIMSA, 2010). Another large tobacco company, British American Tobacco Australia, along with the PMI, have tried to make aware that plain packaging would also cause harm to retailers of local business, stating that it would cause retailers great confusion and inconvenience (ARR, 2010). It would inconvenience retailers, because all packets would look the same, and thus taking them longer to make transactions with customers. Retailer is also made to believe that with more time spent on one transaction it would result security issues, as they would not be able to pay more attention to their shop (PMIMSA, 2010). As well as illicit trading and inconveniencing issues, Tobacco Companies do not approve the plain packaging because it violates trademark rights. With the removal of current packaging and the implementation of plain packaging, it breaches intellectual property rights (Casben, 2010). According to Canadian Health Minister David Dingwall, plain packaging would â€Å"violate trademarks and constitutional rights† (PMIMSA, 2010) Finally, tobacco companies say that there is no evidence which proves that plain packaging would in fact reduce smoking. Arguing that young adolescence first encounter with cigarettes, are in most case, a single cigarette already taken out of the pack and handed to them from their peers. Nonetheless, Government with the support of anti-smoking and health advocate believes that with the plain packaging implements taking place, it will reduce smoking and consequently allow smokers to have the opportunity to break the habit. Plain packaging of tobacco is like removing the force which drives young adolescence to take up smoking, as well as to remove any temptations and promotion to ex-smokers as well as active smokers (Freeman, Chapman, Rimmer, 2008) Advertisements main objectives are to promote the selling of their products to consumers. They are meant to appeal to many people by their use of puns, catchy phrases, and the messages that sends out â€Å"glamour†, causing it to be an object desire. The ban of advertisement on tobacco products in the media, billboards, and eventually the Point of Sale Advertising regulations under the Tobacco Control Act (1990), which prohibits tobacco advertising outside of shops or in view of public places, leaves the tobacco companies, the need to use smarter ways to sell their products. The package of cigarettes currently, does exactly this, it promotes smoking and â€Å"it’s the only mechanism remaining to make the link explicit between the package and the imagery created†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (CCS, 1993). Plain packaging, as explained by Fiona Sharkie (2010), the executive director of Quit, in the article, Big tobaccos coughing fit a big tick for plain packaging, would mean that â€Å"Cigarette packets will no longer feature a colorful, flashy mini-billboard, communicating images of desirability and glamour The brand name will be featured in a mandated size and font, alongside an enlarged graphic health warning,†¦Ã¢â‚¬  on either a white or brown colored background. Studies have shown (Freeman, Chapman, Rimmer, 2008), which provides evidence that plain packs would be perceived as dull and boring as well as cheap looking hence reducing the flair and appeal associated with smoking. The idea surrounding plain packaging, however seems to be unsuccessful to active smokers, a person stating in the article, Tobacco companies rally against plain packaging (2010), that I dont go into the shop and go, hmm, which one is going to look prettiest this week. I have a particular brand that I smoke and have smoked for quite a long time and will continue to smoke those. This reformation however, are not to target active smokers primarily, it is design to stop young children to be tempted to try because of the constant bombarding the desirable, colorful packages of cigarettes (Casben, 2010). Children even though are not seeing the advertisement in the media per se, encounters cigarettes packages everyday and everywhere. We have failed to remove the last promotion of cigarettes, which are unconsciously being fed to them constantly through packages. Further by removing the packaging, not only we would eradicate all forms of advertisements, it would also remove the visibility on the shelf to the population. The plain packaging would reinforce to ex-smokers that, the government are supporting their actions. Ex-smokers would no longer be reminded of their bad habits and will never be tempted to take on smoking once again. The plain packaging which would contain, large warning sign, would be seen in the eyes of young children, as harmful substances. This would decline their desire to try. These labels would only projects cigarettes as one thing; POISON. The tobacco company remains certain that plain packaging would not be efficient. They are fighting very hard in order to stop this Act from taking place. The negative attitude towards this reformations, speaks loudly and clearly, that they are afraid that the new reforms might in fact be effective. Government should, in my opinion, ensure that plain packaging, which is due to be implemented on 2012, be carried out. Tobacco has already shaped the society this far, and would continue to shape our society for the many years to come. It would remain as ongoing issue. Clearly the prohibition of this product would not be a smart option, and certainly not a solution to our problem. Thus, governments should continue to make changes to the Tobacco Act. Even though these laws may not be a 100% in its efficiency would provide a long term goal in reducing smoking amongst active smokers and keeping the younger generation from taking up smoking. Since there are some degree of correlation between plain packaging and reduction of cigarette consumption (Freeman, Chapman, Rimmer, 2008), plain packaging should be given an opportunity. It is at the very least; better to have tried, than turning a blind eye and saying that wont work therefore should not try. Reference http://www.abc.net.au/news/2010-04-29/tobacco-companies-rally-against-plain-packaging/414540

Managing Marketing Activities At Sainsburys

Managing Marketing Activities At Sainsburys J Sainsbury plc was founded in 1869 and at present day it operates a total of 890 stores comprising 547 supermarkets and 343 convenience stores all over UK. It jointly owns Sainsburys Bank with Lloyds Banking Group and has two property joint ventures with Land Securities Group PLC and The British Land Company PLC. The Sainsburys brand is built upon a heritage of providing customers with healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food. Quality and fair prices go hand-in-hand with a responsible approach to business. Sainsburys stores have a particular emphasis on fresh foods and it continuously strives to innovate and improve products in line according to customer needs. It serves over 19 million customers a week and has a market share of over 16 per cent. Sainsburys large store offers about 30,000 products and complementary non-food products services. TRENDS AND ISSUES: Competition Market. Rising Unemployment. Addition of internet preference and new stores required. Changing consumers awareness Decent awareness of products (Mintel 2008) (Euro monitors 2007) PEST ANALYSIS: Political: Corporation tax is essential for every business. In the UK, VAT increased up to 2.5% and for that reason customers or consumers have to pay more to purchase VAT related product. Sainsburys hundreds of products currently on promotion instore and online will also be exempt from any price increases as a result of the 2.5% VAT increase. (Sainbury 2010) So Sainsburys have to pay a large amount of corporation tax every financial year. From the corporation tax government can earn a lump sum amount. (ProQuest 2009) Economical: The rapidly increasing global food crisis have lead to increased food prices all over the world impacting greatly on the margins of the organizations leading to increased cost to consumers. Due to recession, the condition of super market industry is very bad and Sainsburys are no exception from that. Furthermore, the rising fuel costs have created more negative implications right throughout the supply chain of Sainsburys. Social: Due to Globalization every organization is trying to reduce the use of non recyclable items. Sainsburys are planning to plant more than 2 million trees within the next five years. At present UK Government is also putting more emphasis to consume organic food. This plantation strategy might help to increase the number of organic products in a yearly basis. (J-Sainsbury 2010) Technological: The Internet accounts for 8% of global advertising spend and is growing rapidly one of the greatest downsides of supermarket shopping are the queuing system. Self checkout machines, employed by Asda and Tesco, are proving positive results especially for customers who have to queue up for very few items. Furthermore, self checkout machines could help in Sainsburys opening stores for 24 hours which might help boost sales. Porters 5 Forces analysis: Competitive rivalry: Sainsburys has a market share of 14.9% in 2007, which is steadily increasing since its restructuring programme that started in 2004 (Annual Report 2007). This is a positive trend but it lags well behind the market leader Tesco, showing that there is considerable distance to cover. Tesco, Asda, and Morrisons are the three big supermarket chains in the UK retail sector. All of them have a different competitive advantage over their competitors. Sainsburys reach in the convenience stores makes it have a larger customer reach. Threat of entry: Barriers to entry are extremely high in the food retail market due variety of factors. Firstly, organized retail is amongst the most sophisticated sectors within the UK and needs a lot of investment, along with significant brand development, which takes years to establish (Doyle 2002). Secondly, retail is also at an advanced stage within the UK and most of the western world, which means there is less scope for new entrants to establish themselves. Local knowledge is extremely crucial within the food retail sector, something that is difficult for foreign firms to replicate. This is corroborated by the presence of few global supermarkets in UK. Threats of substitute Products: The retail market is always trying to converge and assimilate new innovations with respect to food products or alternative businesses, to make shopping an extremely pleasurable experience. This makes them extremely difficult to substitute The only major threat of substitute is an internal industry threat whereby one supermarket can lap up the business of other supermarkets. (Blythe 2006) . (ProQuest 2010) Power of Supplier: Supplier power is usually more complicated as it is difficult to categorise it. It can be argued that if supermarkets do not sell their products consumers will shift loyalties, making suppliers very powerful. However, if the products of big companies do not reach supermarkets, their sales volumes will be affected hugely. The relationship might change depending on the situation of the big branded supplier, for example, when sales of Cadburys dairy milk increased through the successful Gorilla ad campaign (Wiggins and Urry 2007) (Kotler 2006) Buyer Power: Buyer power is high in this industry simply due to the presence of so many competitors selling the same products. It is only differentiated in price and consumer loyalty and increasingly on green credentials. Moreover, the switching costs are low for consumers. As the economy goes further towards recession consumers needs are likely to be given more weight, increasing their power considerably. (Blythe 2006) (ODoherty 2008) Weaknesses Sales decreasing in the UK No good invention Strengths Great Quality Value Service Choice Sainsburys SWOT Analysis Threats Carryingcost is increasing Increasing basic rate of wages in UK Competitors are capturing their market Global recession Opportunities Competitive price strategy Opportunity of online shopping Growing up potential market (Sainsbury 2010) (Cobra 2010) Market Segmentation: One core aspect of Sainsburys activities is its focus on customer/market segmentation. Sainsburys divide their customer base into 10 separate segments. Customer intelligence is gathered through analysis of Nectar Card (formerly Reward Card) purchases. The things that made Sainsburys one of Britains best retailers, great food at fair prices and wonderful services, are as important to customers today as they ever were. Sainsburys have a great network of stores in excellent locations, and even through the recent troubles Sainsburys customer numbers were constant at about 14 million a week. (J-Sainsbury 2010) Marketing Objective: The business of Sainsbury is now focused very much on their Supermarkets and Bank following the sale and development during the year. The three key priorities such as decrease environmental impact of products reduce CO2 and misuse was developed in1988. These are based on environmental impact and considered the most important for the business. (Mintel 2007) To manage the significant environmental outcome which they have direct control and try to find to influence their suppliers and customers who can reduce the impact of their organization has on the environment. (ProQuest 2010) Marketing Strategy: Marketing strategy allows an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage According to Kotler (2005), Marketing strategy is the marketing logic by which the business unit hopes to achieve its marketing objective. It shows how strategies for target markets and positioning build upon the firms differential advantages.Marketing strategy of Sainsburys is planned to acquire people from treadmill and into more adventurous eating. Below the band line Try Something New Today is launched in 2005. (Data Monitor 2009) Corporate Objective: Great food at fair prices Accelerating the growth of complementary non-food ranges and services Reaching more customers through additional channels Growing supermarket space Active property management Evolution of Marketing Mix: According to Kotler (2005)Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Marketing mix is a shape of permutation which makes marketing. These components are advertising, quality, promotion offer, coverage etc. It is really important to analysis the target market. According to McCarthy (1960), these merged tools are classified as product, price, promotion and place which is well-known as 4Ps. To make the marketing mix, business has to gather the subsequent condition: The product has to have the correct component for example, it has to look high-quality quality and work well. The Price must be acceptable. Customers want to purchase numbers of product to make a healthy profit. The products have to be in the correct place and correct time. They are wanted is an essential operation to make sure that products arrive when and where. The target group needs to be prepared aware of the existence and availability of the product through promotion. Successful promotions assist a firm to increase  costs  over a better  output. Product: According to Kotler (2005), Product means the totally of goods and service that the company offers the target market. Core Product: According to Kotlar (2006), the most basic level is the core product, which address the question of what is the customer really buying? Core products or flagship products are a companys products which are most directly related to their core competencies. These products are then integrated into a variety of end products, either by the company holding the core product or by a second company to which the core product is sold to, and the end products are sold to users. Sainsburys provides lots of consumer product but Grocery, Fresh food and Fresh Vegetable are core products of Sainsburys because customers really like to buy these products. Actual product: Actual product has many attribute but five characteristics are the main characteristics, which are quality of the product, feature of the product, style of the product, packing and brand name of the item. Product variety: Sainsburys have lots of different products. Products are groceries, food and drink, kitchen appliances, electronic appliances, toys and games for the kids, sport and leisure appliances. (Sainsbury 2010) Quality: Sainsbury has different types of food range like Sainsburys kids; Sainsburys taste the different, Sainsburys basic, Sainsburys organic etc. Sainsbury has re-launched their be good to yourself range in January 2010 with over 60 new lines in the range. (Euro Monitor 2010) Design/Styling: Sainsburys offers different types of testy and healthy food and different types of new latest design for their customers such as kitchen accessories, electronic appliances, toys and games. Brand Features: Sainsbury also offers a range of well-known products and their own brand. Augmented Product: This product based on around the core products and actual products. Augmented product always provides supplementary consumer benefits and services. When any new product comes in the market then customers always like to watch that what the main benefit to satisfy their needs is. Advantages of Customer service: Sainsburys consists of additional service that support the customers need including assistance and offering training through the online or telephone. (Mintel 2009) Warranties Returns: Sainsbury gives the warranties and returns. It is depend upon the products that how many days customers will get warranties. Price: Competitive Pricing: At this time all supermarkets are in the competition. Sainsbury always offer to customers for their great products at fair price. Sainsbury has different types of food ranges. Sainsburys basics products, offer a variety of over 700 low price food and grocery items from different shapes and size. Sainsburys basic are still Sainsburys quality and value. Sainsbury offer 75 products for the Kids. Sainsburys Kids food range takes low price for the kids which are fresh and healthy for the kids. (Sainsburys 2010) Place: Place includes the company activities that make the product available to target consumers. (Kotlar 2005). The place of marketing mix is very essential to explain how and where product is being sold. Customers always try to find a place, where they can go easily to purchase their goods. Main Mission Outlet: Sainsburys has different types of store format for their customers. Sainsburys have 275 stores which are organized as a Main Mission outlets. This means they concentrate on providing for the weekly family shop. Main plus Outlet: Sainsburys 64 stores are in the Main plus outlets. These main plus are the especially big super markets and Main plus also known as a hypermarkets. They occupy in excess of 45000 square feet area and focus on a wider range of food products as well as more non-food items. Mixed Mission Outlet: Without the other stores Sainsburys have 124 stores which are known as a Mixed Mission outlets. (ProQuest) Home delivery service: Online home delivery is the great service and facility of Sainsburys. In the busy world, customers are unable to give time to go to the shops. So customers like to purchase through online. Online home delivery gives lots of facility, such as customer can chose different types of product and can purchase through debit and credit cards. Promotion: Sainsburys is promoting their stores in different way to make popularity for their customer. Sales Promotion: Sales promotion includes a wide variety of promotion tools designed to stimulate earlier or stronger market response (Kotlar 2005). The sales promotion can be direct as Push Strategy and Pull Strategy. Push strategy encouraging the channel to stock the product. Through the marketing channel, pull strategy encouraging getting consumer to pull the product from manufacturer. Sainsburys is making popularity through the sales promotion. Sainsburys schoolbags promotion is an example of a promotion that achieved business objective along with the environmental and social ones. (Mintel 2008) Advertising: Advertising is one of the promotion tools of marketing mix. In the marketing, the role of media or advertisement is very significant and its can create a demand for a product.Sainsbury has launched a new advertising promotion for summer 2010. The campaign featuring celebrity chef Jamie Oliver, plans to help Brits make their summer holidays taste grate and to get them excited about garden parties and barbecues and lush summer evenings. (Mintel 2010) Sainsburys use seamlessly integrated online and offline communication to promote Sainsburys To You home delivery services. A consistent communication was used to encourage reliable offer of  £5 off the customers first time online purchase through offline and online advertisement. (Kotlar 2005) Brand Awareness: The most important super market chain Sainsburys brand is shaped to provide testy, fresh and safe foods for their customer. ProQuest 2010) Nectar at Sainsbury: Sainsbury offers double Nectar point for their customer. For this nectar card, customer can get discount. If customer spend  £1 instore, can earn 2 Nectar point each purchase and 1 Nectar point for 1 liter of fuel purchase from Sainsburys fuel station. (Sainsburys 2010) Summer Special: Sainsburys always try to give offer promotion for their customer. They give some promotional offer to attract the customers for any special occasion such as summer special. (Sainsbury 2010) Instore Hot Offer: Every week Sainsburys provide plenty of great offers in-store across a wide range of products from fresh food to household essentials. Sainsburys Active Kids: Sainsbury launched Active kids to decrease levels of obesity in children and young adults through the exercise. Parents have to collect the voucher of Active kids from Sainsburys in-store which gives more confidence to children and parents to be more active and eat healthy. Online/website Bargains: Facility of online purchase is very popular to all customers. Generally they like to buy products from home. Sainsburys has facility of online shopping. So customer can select any item with price, features, availability and date of delivery. (Sainsbury 2010) Changes in Marketing Mix: When any company or organizations face lots of problem to increase their sales and profit, then they need to watch on their marketing mix and also they need to look their current problem along with sales and profit to improve their share market. Sainsburys also having some problem in their marketing mix. They have to give an effort to overcome the problem with applying new rules and strategy. According to marketing mix of Sainsbury, they have to change some rule by applying some new strategies. Such as: Focus on retail market in UK: Sainsbury can give the focus on their own product in the UK retail market for their customer, to give guarantee, value, quality and service. Sainsbury wants to restructure the relation with their core customer. Need more plan for food: Sainsburys is trying to take back their missing confident of customers query about excellent and reliable price tag. If Sainsbury will generate an innovative price strategy which is supplementary whet then Sainsbury will get more confidence to satisfy their customers. Stores restructure Programme: Sainsburys can focus on core grocery market but also in the growing non food sector. Sainsbury needs to up to date their old store and renewals through the latest system. This store up to date program will assist to save cost and also time. They have to change the total decoration of their old store to put successful element and stock Need more new store: Sainsburys aim is to increase its total sales area to around 2 million square meters, divide between grocery and non food ranges (including superstores, supermarket and hypermarkets) and 100 convenience stores. Sainsburys also takes some decision to build more stores out of its heartland in the South of England and areas where it is under represented such as Northern Ireland, Wales and Scotland. Sainsburys decides to extend an additional 75 stores and refurbish 190 outlets. (ProQuest 2010) More close to customers: Sainsburys need to more close to customer through operating 24 hours open store. Also Sainsburys is controlling few 24 hours shop but to come closer to their customers, they have to extend their time, such as 24 hours shops. Price Cutting: Price cutting is the diminution of retail prices to a level low enough to get rid of competition. If Sainsburys wants more customers, so Sainsbury has to cut their cost evaluating with the other companies. CONCLUSION: Sainsbury is one of the biggest supermarket in UK for sure but according to recent financial crisis in all over world snatched its brand positioning while Tesco, ASDA, Waitrose are also down grading their sales performance in this recent years. Certain things like employment, tax rates, VAT, corporation taxes take major part to analyze the financial analysis of the company. But Sainsburys market condition is Good. While we looked in the marketing mix, Sainsburys have great potentiality to capture the wide market if they will change their some strategy. RECOMMENDATION:

Achieving the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Es

Achieving the American Dream in Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller Willy Loman is a man on a mission. His purpose in life is to achieve a false sense of the "American Dream," but is this what Willy Loman really wants? In Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller analyzes the American Dream by portraying to us a few days in the life of a washed up salesman named Willy Loman. The American Dream is a definite goal of many people, meaning something different to everyone. Willy's version is different from most people though; his is based more on being well-liked and achieving monetary successes rather than achieving something that will make him happy. Willy never becomes part of the "American Dream" because he never follows his true dreams and aspirations. He chooses a career that will make him money, but not much, rather than a career that he will enjoy. This is the big mistake that Willy makes in his life and in the end he never overcomes it. Willy never becomes part of the American Dream because he tries to become successful and wealthy rather than spending his life doing something that would bring him and his family joy. "The American Dream " is a term used to summarize the basic ideals held by the American public. Death of a Salesman focuses on this dream and analyses the dreams significance in the American social order. The basic principal behind the "American Dream" is the belief that if people have an aspiration and they work for it they will achieve their dreams. Furthermore, what lies at the heart of the American Dream is the desire to achieve wealth and power based on one's looks and appearance rather than the value and quality of their work. The American Dream is supposedly what everyone wants to end up with; a family, a house, a car and a well paying job. The problem is that not everyone wants these things. People all over the world desire to immigrate to America because they have heard of this "American Dream" and they want to be a part of a country that makes it seem so easy to make a fortune. The problem with this dream is the theory at the basis of it; the fact that success is not assure d, but if people work for their dreams they will eventually achieve them. People can work their entire lives thinking that they are contributing to humanity when in fact they are not. They believe that as long as they put something into civilization, at the end ... ...e something better. This is evident when Linda tells Willy "be happy right here, right now. Why must everybody conquer the world? You're well liked, and the boys love you" (Movie). Willy never listens to his heart and because of this, he follows the wrong dream. Willy was never really a part of the American Dream. In the end, we see Willy's foolishness for killing himself. Willy has too much pride to take a job from Charley and would rather end his own life than work under his friend for money. Willy thinks he is helping everyone by giving them his life insurance money but everyone would rather have him still alive than the money. Striving for his dream of becoming well liked and successful leaves Willy with nothing that will make him happy. In the end, Willy's dream ends up being for Biff to achieve everything that he himself could not achieve. Willy's plan backfires though when Biff chooses the opposite of what Willy wants and leaves the city to try to find out what will make him happy. In the end, Willy's obsession with the American Dream is his undoing. Willy never really becomes part of the American Dream because he never understands what he needs to make himself happy.

Justice Explored in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay

Justice Explored in The Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne created themes in The Scarlet Letter just as significant as the obvious ideas pertaining to sin and Puritan society. Roger Chillingworth is a character through which one of these themes resonates, and a character that is often underplayed in analysis. His weakness and path of destruction of himself and others are summed up in one of Chillingworth's last sentences in the novel, to Arthur Dimmesdale: "Hadst thou sought the whole earth over... there were no place so secret, no high place nor lowly place, where thou couldst have escaped me, save on this very scaffold!" (171). This powerful line from Chillingworth holds three meanings. First, Dimmesdale can save himself only through confession in public. Secondly, it shows the true sin and suffering in Chillingworth himself. In this regard, the line is just as important in reiterating the sickness in Chillingworth as it is in showing the torment in Dimmesdale. Finally, this statement creates a parallel between Chillingworth's idea of justice and the Puritans'. The theme Hawthorne builds up in Chillingworth is not simply his pain and torment. It is a more important representation of the weakness in the values of the people in Puritan times, and how their perseverance for "justice" skewed their views on life and forgiveness. Because of his mindset, Chillingworth torments himself with his goal to destroy Dimmesdale just as much as Dimmesdale tortures himself for their seven years together. Chillingworth is ruining his own life and does not realize it, because he no longer sees the value in life as he tries to ruin one. The first foreshadowing we see of Chillingworth's obsession begins... ...h life because of that. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, faced Puritan torture under Chillingworth for the seven years without benefit of the release of guilt Hester had found by being in the public eye. Dimmesdale's only release from guilt was not the scaffold, but death itself. Hawthorne's statement through Chillingworth offers insight into Dimmesdale and Chillingworth along with a representation of Hawthorne's disapproval of the Puritan values. This disapproval is the driving force of the novel, and it underlies the relationship between Dimmesdale, Chillingworth, and the prevailing greater justice of God. The contrast of the Puritans' justice and God's makes the message of the story greater than a love story or a story of a sin. With this theme, The Scarlet Letter becomes a comparison of the flawed justice of humans and the divine justice of God.

Church Reform :: European Europe History

Church Reform The Reformation of European religion in the 16th century cannot be generally attributed to the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance. Although the peasants saw bishops and abbots as part of a wealthy and oppressive ruling class and rebelled against the Roman Catholic Church for reasons primarily pertaining to the lavish adornments used by those aforementioned, their power was not great enough, nor did their reasons carry enough clout to start a reformation movement throughout Europe: that job was accomplished by those already having some, however small, social or religious power, such as the monk Martin Luther, the accomplished priest and lawyer Jean Cauvin, and King Henry VIII of England. The Lutheran and Calvinist Reformations were very similar in principle, although the Lutheran Reformation was less widespread. Luther and Calvin held that not mere abuses of the Roman Catholic Church needed correcting, but that the Catholic Church itself was wrong in principle. Luther's cause for reformation of 16th century European religion came from his unnatural paranoia that he was damned. He had problems convincing himself that his spirit was pure and that he would go to heaven; internal distress raged within him about the awful omnipotence of God, his own insignificant existence in comparison, and his apprehensiveness of the devil. His personal problems would not yield to the existing manners of assuring oneself that he/she was headed for heaven such as sacraments, alms, prayer attendance at Mass, and assorted "good works." Luther solved the problem, however, by believing that good works were the consequence and external evidence of an inner grace, but in no way the cause of th is grace. He felt that if one had faith in themselves, the religion, and God, then good works would manifest themselves because of it. This was Luther's doctrine of justification by faith. Luther was then involved in various events that provided for the spreading of Lutheranism, albeit sometimes indirectly. The agitation that Lutheranism was creating throughout Europe had revolutionary side effects where the reforming religious spirit was mistaken for that of a social and economic one, especially in Germany in the 1520s. A league of imperial knights, adopting Lutheranism, attacked their neighbors, the church-states of the Rhineland, hoping by annexations to enlarge their own meager territories. In 1524, the peasants of a large part of Germany revolted due to thoughts stirred up by preachers that took Luther's ideas a little too far: anyone could see for himself what was right.

Marketing Plan Alaska

TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Executive Summary2 II. Situational Analysis- Macroenvironment Analysis5 a. Technological Environment6 b. Economic Environment7 c. Socio- Cultural Environment8 d. Natural Environment9 e. Political-Legal Environment10 III. Situational Analysis- Market Analysis f. Market Definition11 g. Market Size12 h. Industry Structure14 i. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis15 j. Competition19 k. Market Trends21 IV. Situational Analysis – Consumer Analysis22 V. Situational Analysis – Internal Analysis26 VI. SWOT Analysis35 VII. Marketing Research37 VIII. Marketing Strategies40 IX. Implementation43 X. Financial Summary64 XI. Scenario/Contingencies65 XII. Appendix66 I. Executive Summary Alaska Milk Corporation (AMC) is one of the leading companies in milk production from the dairy industry. We have been manufacturing dairy products in the Philippines since 1972 starting with liquid canned milk products and eventually expanded to manufacture powdered filled milk and Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk products. For over thirty years, AMC has emerged to be as one of the two major players in the Philippine milk industry and is consistently maintaining its brand leadership in the liquid anned milk category and holds a strong growing position in powdered milk. AMC also expanded into higher value-added milk products, particularly in UHT/Ready-to-Drink milk category. Since 1972, we have been caring for every Filipino family by providing them their good nutrition and health through quality milk products. Also in every other way such as: programs that promote sports development, campaigns that foster good values among children and product innovations aimed at enhancing the Filipino's health and welfare. And we shall continue caring for every Filipino family from every part of the country, may it be Luzon, Visayas or Mindanao. The market for milk and dairy products in the Philippines comprises two very different segments: market for milk and dairy products that are processed in the Philippines from imported dairy ingredients that comprises 99% of the total market and the other 1% which is the market for products that are produced from locally produced raw milk by the Philippines dairy farming industry. Dairy products are commonly seen in every store, from wholesale to retail stores, and the demand for it never diminishes. Every individual will always have to put in mind the need for their health and nutrition. Milk products are one of the basic necessities we should provide our bodies and that is programmed especially on the minds of every Filipino family in the country. Alaska provides the best kinds of milk from liquid to powdered that can ever be provided to every consumer market. AMC’s target markets are consumers ranging from 4-12 years old. Majority of the customers are female and only few are men. Mainly because most of the buyers are housewives or single parents and the children they have are the consumers of the milk produced by AMC. AMC continues building the strengths and competitive attributes of its brand and develop its full marketing potential in the dairy industry. Serve every consumer to their level of satisfaction and will respond to the call to deliver higher quality nutrition to every Filipino home. To increase product awareness, specifically on its powdered milk product and the rise of our market share by 2 percent annually in three years. AMC has experienced and well-trained employees that helps in driving AMC forward with continuous superiority on product quality and strong supplier relationships. But then as costs increases, product prices also tend to increase and results to higher prices over competitors and include the products’ seasonal demand and the limitation of its supply base. AMC’s edge over other brands is our strong and popular reputation in the market that reveals that we have a lead in every consumer mind. Rapid technological advancements have led to innovation and faster production with still better and high quality of goods and wider product distribution nationwide. As AMC rises, many threats will stand in the way such as; competitors tend to escalate and siege AMC’s growth in the market that leads to the buying behavior of consumers to change by substituting Alaska Milk Products to these cheaper brands, price wars between competitors, price cuts and so on could damage profits for AMC brought about by the economic crisis in the country. Alaska’s powdered milk is creamier and tastier than any other brand in the market. Its availability and affordability may be like other brands but its focus will stay on the powdered milk’s creaminess which makes it deliciously tasty that is enjoyed by many consumers. Also, a unique source of Alaska powdered milk’s production is that it uses the finest vegetable oil from coconuts to make it as creamy and tasty as full cream milk. II. Situational Analysis – Macro-environment The macro-environment analysis are the factors that greatly affects the dairy industry. These are considered the external analysis. It is sub-divided into five aspects: technological environment, natural environment, political-legal environment, economic environment and socio-cultural environment. The technological environment deals with how the advent of technology affects the production of dairy products and the way the consumers receive the final products. With the modernity of facilities and equipment, the production of milk becomes better and faster. The natural environment deals with the natural issues that affects the dairy industry. Certain issues can either help or deter the buying decision of consumers. The political-legal environment deals with certain laws and regulations passed by the government that must be followed. It affects the dairy industry in a way that all companies must abide to this laws in order to operate. The economic environment is about the current economic changes that affects the society, the industry and the consumers. It greatly affects the consumer spending. The last aspect is the socio-cultural environment which is about the beliefs, norms, values and culture practiced by the consumers. It indicates person’s behavior and social graces that leads to the buying preference of consumers. a. TECHNOLOGICAL: i. With the demand of people for faster and better products and services, technology was created. It has provided the industry for the tools needed to enhance the techniques and strategies to make dairy products better. Through technology, the way people search for information about the products, the way on how to purchase, and the way on receiving goods are greatly influenced. Factors| Effects on the Industry| Online Retailing| Vast market can be reached by selling goods to people over the net. This will provide better accessibility for the users of the product. | Electronic Data Interchange| It will link the company to its suppliers through communication advancements. Making products available to different establishment. | Customer Relationship Management (CRM)| A marketing tool that binds the power of computers and databases to provide the ability to collect data about consumer buying behavior on individual basis. It will help the industry to familiarize the demands of the consumers and analyze their buying behavior and produce products that will meet the needs and wants of the consumers. | b. ECONOMIC: ii. The economic environment scan determines the economic changes that will have an impact to the society, dairy industry and AMC like unemployment rate, exchange rate and inflation rate. In the dairy industry, these factors affect the level of income of people. Thus, affecting the buying behavior and preferences of consumers. Factors| Effects on the Industry| Decreasein unemployment rate| The decrease in unemployment rate gives probability to an increase in family income resulting to increase in purchasing power. This will lead to profitable commerce and increase in sales of the industry. | Changes in exchange rates| The appreciation of Philippine Peso against US Dollar will lead to a less operating expense in the dairy industry. Inflation Rate| Due to increase of expenditures in the industry, cost of sales will swell making the consumers carry the burden of expenses. | c. SOCIO-CULTURAL: iii. Socio-cultural trend analysis is one of the important factors in making and developing strategic analysis. The socio-cultural environment shapes our beliefs, values and norms. In relation to the dairy industry, this socio-cultural environment analysis indicates person’s behavior and social graces that may lead to change in preference and variation in consumer’s buying behavior. Also, certain beliefs and values can serve as advantage or disadvantage for the part of AMC. Factors| Effects on the Industry| Campaign for Milk Benefits and Usage| Consumers will have better awareness over the industry’s product which will attract more potential customers. | Projected increase in the population| With a population of 101,833,938 (July 2011 est. ) will lead to increase in the need of product. As population gets bigger, a result of higher sales and earnings is expected. | Breast feeding vs. Formula milk| Nutrients found in the mother’s breast milk can be compared to this formula milk. But with the fast pacing everyday routine, formula feed milk can be prepared anytime. Thus it will lead to more consumers and sales. d. NATURAL/ECOLOGICAL: iv. The natural environment scan is about the issues that affects the dairy industry. In particular with the environmental issues like melamine outbreak and green marketing. As well as the nutritional facts of the products produced in the dairy industry. Certain issues can either help or deter the buying decision of consumers. Factors| Effects on the Industry| Global problems and green industry| Natural calamities and disasters can delay the production of dairy products. Thus, it may lead to decrease in the total sales of the industry. Green marketing will enable the industry to reduce its waste material. Thus, making a cleaner planet. | Cholesterol content of dairy products| Health and body conscious people will not consider consuming much of dairy products as source of energy. | Melamine Outbreak and contamination of dairy products. | Contamination like the melamine outbreak threatens the industry growth and decreased sales of products that use milk as an ingredient. As a result, it slackens the growth of dairy industry. | e. POLITICAL-LEGAL: v. The political-legal environment is about how the dairy industry will adapt to changes in relation to proposed legislations, programs and other government related issues. It is important to know the factors affecting the political and legal environment so that AMC will be able to abide to certain legislations and programs. Factors| Effects on the industry| Republic Act No. 7581: The Price Act| Automatic freezing of basic necessities’ prices in areas where a state of calamity is declared. | Republic Act no. 7884: National Dairy Development Act of 1995| Improve livelihood opportunities and thereby increase income level through the dairy industry. In effect, there will be an increase in the milk produced locally and an increase in quality of living. Republic Act 7394: Consumers Act| Establishes standard and quality measures for milk and adopt measures for their pure and safe supply. | III. Situational Analysis – Market Analysis * Market Definition Dairy industry involves processing raw milk into products such as consumer milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, condensed milk, milk powder, and ice cream, using processes such as chilling, pasteurizatio n, and homogenization. The dairy industry is divided into 5 different product categories; yogurt, butter, milk. Cheese and ice cream. The milk category is subdivided into 6 types, cream, powdered milk, evaporated milk, condensed milk, dried powder milk and cultured buttermilk. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE Figure 1: Industry Structure Source: www. nda. da. gov. ph/ * Market Size The Philippines, with a population of 95,687,643 (July 2011 est. ), growing annually at 1. 903% (2011 est. ), is a large market for milk and milk products. Dairy products are the country’s second largest agricultural import after wheat. The country’s dairy industry, which sources 99% of its inputs from abroad, is estimated to generate sales of up to P 43. 45B annually. Philippines is a huge market for milk and milk products with a small dairy farming community that has been growing vigorously for the past two years. The dairy market generates sales amounting to P44B annually. Although Filipinos are generally considered non milk drinkers with consumption at 19 kilograms per year, the Philippine dairy market, including the market for imported milk, generates over P44billion in revenues annually. 44% of the demand for milk is concentrated in Metro Manila. Luzon 46,228,000 (2011 est. ) Luzon 46,228,000 (2011 est. ) Visayas 27,877,103 (2011 est. ) Visayas 27,877,103 (2011 est. ) Mindanao 21,582,540 (2011 est. ) Mindanao 21,582,540 (2011 est. ) * Industry Structure The market for milk and dairy products in the Philippines comprises two very different segments: * The market for milk and dairy products that are processed in the Philippines from imported dairy ingredients or imported in retail packed form. This comprises well over 99% of total consumption; and, * The market for products that are produced from locally produced raw milk by the Philippines dairy farming industry. This comprises 1% of total raw milk. Suppliers of imported milk (2011)| Percentage| Australia | 61%| USA | 23%| Others| 16%| TOTAL | 100%| Table 1: Major Suppliers of imported milk(2011) Source: www. nda. da. gov. ph/ The Philippines’ dairy industry consists of two distinct sectors. One is the milk powder based sector that imports, re-processes and repacks milk and milk products. The other is the liquid milk sector that has its imported UHT milk component and the locally –produced fresh milk component. SECTOR| IMPORTER- REPROCESSOR| LOCAL MILK PRODUCER-PROCESSORS| TOTAL| Liquid milk market| 70| 30| 100| Powdered and other milk market| 100| 0| 100| Table 2: Sectors in dairy industry. Source: www. nda. da. ov. ph/ Figure 2: Total Raw Milk Segmentation Source: www. nda. da. gov. ph/ * Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Figure 3: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Threat of New Entrants (Barriers to Entry) The easier it is for new companies to enter the industry, the more cutthroat competition there will be. Factors that can limit the threat of new entrants are known a s  barriers to entry. * Existing loyalty to major brands Consumers buy specific Alaska products that they usually buy. Other local or new entrant companies will be having a hard time competing with Alaska brands since their consumers are loyal to them. Scarcity  of resources Philippines imports 99% of its raw milk and only 1% are produced locally. New entrant companies will need a huge budget for importing raw milk. * Government restrictions or legislation Certain requirements provided by the government should be met by the new entrant companies in order to start their business. These restrictions and legislations help AMC to minimize competitors and to remove illegal distributors. Power of Suppliers This is how much pressure suppliers can place on a business. If one supplier has a large enough impact to affect a company's margins and volumes, then  it olds substantial power. Here are a few reasons that suppliers might have power: * Number of Suppliers Large number of supplier s will then result to a high inventory level for raw milk used for the production of dairy products. * Capacity of Supplier Suppliers must be able to sustain the quantity of raw milk needed by the company’s dairy production. * Cost of Changing The total money, time and resources associated with the change of supplier. Buyer Power Buyers are the people or organizations who create demand in an industry. The bargaining power of buyers is greater when: * Number of Customers Large number of buyers will then result to large amount of sales in the consumption of dairy products. * Size of each order The capacity of a customer to buy a certain product on a single purchase in order to fulfill their satisfaction. * Price sensitivity Gradual price changes should be observed to not greatly affect the consumption of the goods in the market. Threat of Substitution The presence of substitute products can lower industry attractiveness and profitability because they limit price levels. The threat of substitute products depends on: * Substitute Performance Other brands that offer the same quality of dairy products but have lower prices will threaten the competency of the company’s products throughout the market. * Cost of change Improving the product quality and decreasing the price at the same time to reach the same demand as the competing brand. Intensity of Rivalry The intensity of rivalry between competitors in an industry will depend on: * Number of competitors Large number of competitors can threaten your position in the market. * Quality differences Aside from quantity, companies must maintain the quality of their products. In dairy industry, it is important to monitor the quality of the products because it will be your advantage over your competitors. * Customer loyalty There will be a little possibility that loyal customers will be persuaded by the competitors to switch over their products. Also, loyal customers can be company’s asset since they can use the word-of-mouth. * Competition Nestle remains the undisputed leader in drinking milk products in 2011 with a market share of 72%, 64% for Bear Brand and 8% for Nido. The company’s very strong position is attributed to its long standing presence in the Philippines which enabled it to achieve strong brand equity for its brands. Alaska ranks second with 20% market share. One percent lower than the previous market share. Competitor| Company| Placement| Promotions| Product sizes and Price| Bear Brand| Nestle’ Philippines| Available in all leading supermarkets nationwide. | Free items, TV, Print and Radio advertising, Events and Sponsorships| 33g – P9. 5080g – P25150g – P46. 75300g – P89. 25680g – P192. 251. 1kg – P331. 252. 2kg – P634. 0| Nido Fortified| Nestle’ Philippines| Available in all leading supermarkets nationwide. | Free items, TV, Print and Radio advertising, Events and Sponsorships| 160g – P68. 70370g – P157700g – P274. 50900g – P3361. 2kg – P467. 251. 8kg – P680. 402. 5kg – P929| Anchor Full Cream Milk| Fonterra Brands Ph ilippines Inc. | Available in all leading supermarkets nationwide. | Free items, TV and Print ads| 150g – P68. 75350g – P157. 50700g – P276. 50| Birch Tree| Snow Mountain Dairy Corporation| Available in all leading supermarkets in GMA, North and South Luzon| TV ads| 80g – P25. 75150g – P48300g – P93. 50700g – P212. 0| Table 3 : Market share of Powdered Milk Category Comparison Table Source: AC Nielsen Figure 4 : Market Share of powdered milk for 2011 Source: AC Nielsen * Market Trends The lifestyle  of the urban  Filipino is continually changing wherein a local patron not only spends more time away from home but home cooked meals are being replaced by packaged or  ready-to-eat meals. With the Filipino propensity for buying only for their daily needs, the variety and availability of smaller retail packs has increased. Food processors realize that this is a huge segment of  the market and develop sachet packaging accordingly. Metro Manila remains as the major market for fresh milk classified into business and consumer markets. The business markets include the institutional markets and the retail sector such as coffee shops, hotels, restaurants, supermarkets and small retailers. Meanwhile, the consumer markets include households and schools through the milk feeding program of the government. Consumption of drinking milk products remains dependent on the level of consumer disposable income. During 2011, there has been a challenge for customers to stretch their budgets due to skyrocketing commodity prices coupled by the volatile prices of fuel and utilities. With these struggles, disposable income has declined which became unfavorable in the consumption of drinking milk. Some middle and lower income consumers are not really milk consumers and milk has a low priority on grocery lists. IV. Situational Analysis – Consumer Analysis The main customers of Alaska powdered milk are composed of parents who have children ages 4-12 who are currently in the so called â€Å"growth gap years†. Teens also consume the product because of its rich taste and creaminess. * Nature of the buying decision According to research 25% of the total grocery budget of people are spent on beverages. And 10 percent of it goes to milk drinks while 5-7 percent goes to milk/dairy products. The average budget for grocery is P 7, 703. Figure 5: Consumer Spending 2011 Source:TNS Global Research * Geographic Philippines is chosen to be the target location of this strategic plan. It has a population of 95,687,643 (July 2011 est. ). The population of Luzon is 46,228,000 (2011 est. ). Visayas has 27,877,103 population (2011 est. ) and Mindanao has a population of 21,582,540 (2011 est. ). Below are the areas with their following percentage in grocery budget for milk beverage. Metro Manila together with Rizal got the highest percentage among all the areas with 13%. And urban areas give higher priority in milk beverages rather than those in rural areas. Table 4: Average Current Budget 2011 Source:TNS Global Research * Demographic The consumers are ranging from 4-12years old. Majority of the customers are female and only few are men. This is because the main customers are housewives or single parent and men are usually in their own jobs. The household income bracket of the consumers ranges from P30, 000. 00 to P 7,000. 00 and below. And the average budget they allot for grocery is P7, 703. Wherein P8, 400 are the average grocery budget of people in urban areas while P5, 400 are being spent in rural areas. Class C allots an average of P 12,000 for their grocery budget. * Psychographics The socio economic status is Class C. Class C is the majority of the consumers which composes of families with regular compensation. Consumers are mostly College Undergraduate and High School Graduate. The consumers are identified as Makers. These consumers are the low-resource group of those who are motivated by self- expression. They are practical people who value self- sufficiency. They are focused on the familiar- family, work, and physical recreation- and have little interest in the broader world. As consumers, they appreciate practical and functional products. The customers of Alaska milk products are housewives and single parents. They are practical in choosing products to buy and are more focused in family life while single parents are focused on their work at the same time with their child. They are also practical in buying products since they are the only one that supports the child. * Benefits Good quality of milk products, nutritional value and value for money are the most expected benefits of the customers. The product should be produced with good quality containing all the nutrients needed of children during their growth gap years with reasonable price. * Usage Patterns Customers are considered to be long time users since the Alaska brand has been trusted for 40 years. People grew up with the Alaska Powdered Milk and because of the intergeneration effect, relatives and mothers are usually the entities to influence the usage of the product. Advertisements also influence the usage pattern of the consumers. * Purchase Patterns The frequencies of purchasing product were in weekly and monthly basis. The numbers of milk products brought per week or per month are depending on consumers’ necessities and preferences. In supermarkets, groceries, and sari- sari stores mostly the products are brought. * Consumer/ Customer Preferences Consumers prefer a milk product that has their demanded qualities like deliciously sweet and creamy, nutritious and affordable. The four P’s, Product, Price, Place, and Promotion were all important factors considered in selection of what milk products/brand to buy. V. Situational Analysis – INTERNAL ANALYSIS ALASKA MILK CORPORATION (AMC) is a leading manufacturer of milk products in the Philippines. It has established a strong brand heritage and recognition among Filipino consumers with its traditional liquid canned milk products, marketed under the Alaska brand. In addition, the Company has developed a strong competitive position in the powdered milk category and a growing presence in the UHT ready-to-drink and ready-to-use segments. Company Resources * Financial Alaska Milk Corporation delivered another year of solid performance, ending 2010 with a new record net income of P1. 82 billion, a 29% improvement over the P1. 41 billion net income earned in 2009. Fueling the growth was the strong sales volume expansion across the Company’s portfolio of milk products alongside lower input costs as well as prudent spending. Net sales for 2010 grew by 15% to P12. 16 billionfrom P10. 58 billion a year ago, underpinned by the double-digit growth of the domestic milk market as the Philippine economy sharply rebounded from the slowdown in 2009. In addition, sustained advertising campaigns and demand-generating promotional initiatives help pushed sales volumes higher yearon- year, a significant achievement amidst aggressive competition and market challenges. Operating expenses for the year increased significantly, by 22% at P2. 28 billion from P1. 87 billion in 2009. The increase can be attributed to higher advertising and promotional spending to boost consumer demand for Alaska Milk products. (In million pesos) Figure 6: Net Sales of AMC (In million pesos) Figure 7: Net operating expenses of AMC (In million pesos) Figure 8: Net Income of AMC (In million pesos) * People Alaska Milk Corporation recognizes that their people, the Alaska Team members, are one of their most important assets and they are committed to promote their safety and welfare. Their wealth of experience, ideas, dedication and strong work ethic lay the foundation for the Company’s continued success. It is the company’s goal as much as it is theirs, to pursue and reach their full potentials through continuing education, training, and skills-enhancement programs. They challenge each individual by providing the opportunity to contribute to the Company’s endeavors. Total employees headcount as of December 31, 2010 are as follows: Executives-14 Managers and Supervisors-225 Rank and File-488 Consultant-1 Board of Directors Our board of directors have successful careers in businese, academe and public service. With their wealth of experience, they add significant perspective and direction into how management shapes and executes business strategies. The Board of Directors is being led by Chairman Antonio Ozaeta. Management Team Our senior management team shares the same mission, vision and values — driven by a sense of accountability to be successful as individuals and as a company. The President and CEO of Alaska Milk Corporation is Wilfred Steven Uytengsu Jr. * Product Offerings * Liquid Canned Milk The Company’s first generation of milk products are Alaska Evaporated Filled Milk and Alaska Sweetened Condensed Filled Milk. Alaska Evaporada and Condensada are the perfect enhancers for various food and beverage preparations. Today, Alaska Milk Corporation has a dominant position in the liquid canned milk category, accounting for nearly 80% of the market. * Alaska Evaporated Filled Milk * Alaska Sweetened Condensed Filled Milk * Cow Bell Condensada * Alaska Creamer * Alaska Evaporada * Alaska Condensada * Alaska Milk Corporation bought from Nestle: * Alpine * Liberty * Krem-Top * Krem-top All purpose Cream * Also long-term licensing agreement for AMC to manufacture and sell the ff. brands for liquid canned milk products: * Carnation * Milkmaid * Powdered Milk The Company has likewise built a solid position in the Powdered Milk Category. With the heritage gained by the Alaska line of liquid canned milk products, the Company’s Alaska Powdered Milk Drink, the most nutritious powdered milk, has emerged as the second leading brand in the market. * Alaska Powdered Milk Drink * UHT Ready -to -Drink Milk Alaska Milk Corporation also offers a line of Ready-to-Drink milk products that come in both plain and flavored milk. The Company’s line of Ready-to-Drink milk products use Ultra High Temperature (UHT) process combined with aseptic packaging – to ensure product quality, hygiene and longer shelf life. Alaska Fresh Milk * Alaska Slim Milk * Alaska Choco! * Alaska Sweet Milk! * Alaska Yoghurt Drink (Strawberry, Blueberry, Orange and Green Apple) * UHT Ready -to -Use Product Alaska Crema All-Purpose Cream is a result of the Company’s effort to broaden its product portfolio in higher value-added segments. Launched in 2003, Alaska Crema enhances the taste of a variety of food preparations, bringing gourmet goodness at home. * Alaska Crema All-Purpose Cream * Non-Dairy Coffee Creamer The latest addition to the Company’s portfolio of quality products is Alaska Krem-Top Coffee Creamer. A non-dairy coffee creamer, Alaska Krem-Top enhances coffee experience with its rich flavor and aroma. In a blind test, more coffee drinkers in Metro Manila like Alaska Krem-Top better than the leading coffee creamer brand. * Alaska Krem-Top Coffee Creamer Alaska Milk Corporation currently has a partnership with Kelloggs due the complementary nature of the two products and the two companies' thrust in promoting â€Å"healthy breakfast = cereals + milk†, and the former's strong operational structure and distribution capabilities. * Objectives Mission statement and Vision statement OUR VISION†¦ Is to be a leading consumer foods company with a diversified portfolio of consumer food brands and products that are market leaders in their respective categories. OUR MISSION†¦ PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT We will continue to build on the strengths and competitive attributes of the ALASKA brand and develop its full marketing potential. We will develop new products and identify market opportunities, mindful of our task to be responsive to the ever changing and growing needs of our consumers. PEOPLE We recognize that our people, the Alaska Team Members, are on of our most important assets and we are committed to promote their safety and welfare. Their wealth of experience, ideas, dedication and strong work ethic lay the foundation for the Company's continued success. It is our goal as much as it is theirs, to pursue and reach their full potentials through continuing education, training, and skills-enhancement programs. We challenge each individual by providing the opportunity to contribute to the Company's endeavors. PROFITABLE GROWTH Growth that creates value for our shareholders is paramount. We will deploy our resources on investment opportunities that are within our core competence and yield excellent returns relative to its risks and which are consistent with our growth objectives. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY We recognize our role in nation building by promoting the protection of the environment and taking part in various community-building projects that help enhance and uplift the quality of life of the underprivileged and the marginalized sectors of our society. * Financial objectives * To increase sales by 25. 5% within the strategic planning period. To increase the gross profit by 37% prior to the gross profit annually. * To lower operating expenses by 2% annually. * Marketing objectives * To increase product top of mind awareness amongst the target audience by 15% for the next three consecutive years. * To increase market share by 2% annually in three years. * To increase the BUMO (Brand used more often) percentage by 13% annually . VI. SWOT ANALYSIS INTERNAL FACTORS ST RENGTHS| WEAKNESSES| * Experienced and well trained employeesExperienced employees are the key to the success of AMC helping to drive them forward with expertise and knowledge. Superior quality of productsHigh quality products/services is a vital strength, helping to ensure customers return to AMC. * Good Supplier RelationshipSupplier relationships are strong at AMC, which can only be seen as strength in their overall performance. | | * Higher price than competitorsCost and expenses in the production of milk results to high price of their product in the market. Thus, it will add up to the transportation costs of the product. * Fluctuating Demand of the product. The demand for the product is inconsistent. * Limited supply baseAMC uses imported milk for its products. Future events that might happen, causing delay and disturbances in the supply chain, can affect the operation of AMC. | EXTERNAL FACTORS OPPORTUNITIES| THREATS| * Strong brand imageAMC's reputation is strong and popular, meaning people view it with respect and believe in it. AMC's position in the market is high and strong – a major strength in this industry as they are ahead of many rivals. * Technological AdvancementThe trend in the dairy industry is the use of new machineries and technology for faster production and better quality of milk. AMC can follow the trend to be able to top the industry. Limited choices of productsAMC can have diversified line of related milk products to offer in the market. | * Competition The dairy industry gets bigger and bigger because new entrants in the market. Existing competitors still creates and innovates products. Thus, competition becomes intense. * Product substitutionDue to consumers’ practicality, they prefer to buy cheaper subs titute products. * Economic CrisisA slow economy or financial slowdown could have a major impact on AMC business and profits. In effect, price wars between competitors, price cuts and so on could damage profits for AMC. | VII. MARKETING RESEARCH AC Nielsen conducted a marketing research last August 19, 2011 entitled â€Å"Project Silk Report: A Usage, Attitude and Image Study on Milk Products Used by Food Service Outlets †. According to reasearch, powdered milk is not a widely used ingredient in food outlets. Only kapihans use powdered milk regularly. Moreover, relative to other milk categories, kapihans’ weekly purchase and usage volume for powdered milk is fairly low. Kapihans use powdered milk because it is creamy. Powdered milk is also liked because it is tasty and liked by customers. Alaska precedes Bear brand in terms of awareness and usage. Bear brand owns the powdered milk category with high brand saliency and regular usage. Despite this, Alaska performs relatively better than other powdered milk brands, since they happen to have minimal or no usage at all from kapihans. Alaska and Bear brand excel on the same attributes: affordability & availability. Building a ‘creamy’ image for Alaska will be an advantage since the attribute is not strongly associated with Bear Brand. Also, creaminess happens to be one of the main reasons why kapihans use powdered milk. RESULTS: In general, powdered milk is not a widely used ingredient in food outlets with its usage primarily to kapihan. Figure 10: Usage of Powdered Milk Another marketing research done by TNS International Research entitled â€Å"Project Hermes: Lifestyle and Brand Health Check†, suggests the following actions in the powdered milk category of AMC: * Sustain current retention strategies as well as current strengths on being easily available and affordable * Address challenges in brand usage in Ilocos, Cebu, Davao and among middle class by * further understanding their current needs and any white spaces * continuing with communication efforts addressed to these segments * Further strengthen branding of ads aired to maximize motivational promise. It also discussed the advertising efforts of AMC and its competitors in the powdered milk category. The figure below shows the performance of the ads in powdered milk category. Figure 11: Ad performance measurement The TV ad of Alaska entitled â€Å"Alaska’s Buboy† featuring Caesar Montano gained positive comments. According to the research, the company did a great job in choosing Montano as the endorser of powdered milk. Montano gained 83% positive comments while 4% of the respondents viewed it negatively. And the remaining 11% did not comment. This shows that TV advertisements contributes alot to brand awareness. VIII. MARKETING STRATEGY * Solution The first strategy to be used by the company is redesigning the product. AMC will create a new packaging design for the powdered milk so that it can capture the interest of the people. The next strategy to be used is development. We will add nutritional value to current powdered milk so that it can fully satisfy the needed nutrition of the children. The last strategy to be used is creation. We will innovate the product into another variety like Alaska Powdered Milk for Adults or Alaska Powdered Chocolate Milk to capture different segments of the market. Information The strategies to be used in creating and building brand awareness are focused advertising and sales promotions. One way to spark interest for AMC’s product is through advertising. We will develop a TV commercial since almost all household owns a television set. The next action that we will do is to advertise through transportation medium like taxis and buses. This action is appli cable for Mega Manila. Lastly, we will print out stickers to be posted at the back of tricycles in the provinces. Another strategy is through sales promotion. This can be through coupons and gift certificates, contests and collectibles and freebies. Lastly, we will be having events and sponsorship. We will conduct concerts for a cause and other fund raising activities. The funds that we will get will be used for school feeding programs and activities and for charitable institutions. We will also be having caravan tour for brand activation. With the caravan tour, we will be giving samples of our product. * Value This strategy focuses on how will the company reduce its price to be more competitive in the market. The first strategy is through competitive pricing. This can be done by lowering the distribution costs. Thus, it will result to lower price of the product. Another one is through discounts. This will be applicable for bulk purchasing. The next strategy will be promo package. We will be having bundles wherein the powdered milk will be partnered in other products of Alaska. * Access In order to boost the sales, one way is to improve the distribution system and increase the number of distribution channels that can be used to distribute. In order for the product to be more accessible, our strategy will be through online marketing. The economies of scale will lessen. Thus, the burden of distribution expense will not be carried by the consumers anymore. We will also be having free deliveries within Mega Manila. Lastly, we will be offering online services for loyal customers. The next strategy will be Direct Marketing. We will promote the powdered milk in different retail stores to make the product more accessible to all targeted locations. Next will be thru door-to-door selling. We will designate certain number of sellers to offer the powdered milk to household consumers. The problem of mobility of our product will be resolved with the use of carts to sell the product. IX. Implementation Plan SOLUTION * Product Repackaging One way to capture the interest of target consumers is through creative packaging. We will be planning what will be the best packaging design and size for the powdered milk. Action| Department Involve| Time Frame| Budget| Planning and organizing a team to create a new packaging design| Marketing department representatives| 5 days1st week of December| P 50,000| Finalizing and approval of new packaging design plan| Product department | 1 day1st week of December| P 20,000| Pilot Testing| Marketing Department 1 week 2nd week of December| P700, 000| Reevaluation of the pilot testing| Operation Department | 1 week3rd week of December| P 50, 000| Start of repackaging process| Operation Department| 1 week4th week of December| P 2, 500, 000| Start of distribution on newly repackaged products| | 1st week of January| P 1,000, 000| * Product Development The Product development strategy will focus on adding nutritional value to the current pr oduct of AMC which will benefit the target consumers. With its improved nutritional facts, more health conscious parents will be attracted to purchase the product. Thus, leading to an increase in sales for the company. Action/Activities| Department/Person involved| Time frame| Budget| Planning and generating ideas for the product development. | Research and Development Department| 1 monthJanuary| P 3, 000, 000| Product screening and evaluation. | Top Level Management and Marketing Department| 2 weeks1st to 2nd week of February| P 50, 000| Register/Issuance of License to Operate (LTO) and approval of Bureau of Food and Industry (BFAD)| Marketing Department| 3 months3rd week of February to 2nd week of May| P 60, 000| Producing sample products that will be used in product testing. Production Department| 1 week3rd week of May| P 1, 500, 000| Test Marketing. | Marketing Department| 1 week4th week of May| P 500, 000| Pilot testing| Marketing Department| 1 monthJune| P 2, 500, 000| Reviewing the results of the pilot testing. | Marketing and Research Department| 1 week1st week of July| P 80, 000| Producing product samples and actual products that will be distributed. | Production Department| 2 weeks2nd and 3rd week of July| P 3, 500, 000| Introducing the product to the market and distributing product samples. Marketing Department| 1 week4th week of July| P 1,500, 000| Distributing the actual products. | Marketing Department| 1st week of August| P 1, 000, 000| * Creating New Product Another strategy that we will be using is the creation of new product. AMC will create a new product that will satisfy the demands of the consumer. We will make another segment of powdered milk that will cover not only the children under the growth-gap years, but also other potential customer that consumes powdered milk in their daily basis. The creation of new product will expand the target consumers of AMC and will also increase the potential buyers of the product. Thus, it will increase the sales of AMC. Action/Activities| Department/Person involved| Time frame| Budget| Planning and creating a research study about consumer demands. | Research and Development Department| 3 monthsJanuary-April| P 2, 500, 000| Reviewing research report and planning and brainstorming of ideas for the new product development. Marketing Department| 3 weeks1st week of May- 3rd week of May| P 90, 000| Creating the new product| Production Department| 1 month4th week of May- June| P 4,000,000| Product screening and evaluation. | Top Level Management and Marketing Department| 1 week1st week of July| P 50, 000| Register/Issuance of License to Operate (LTO) and approval of Bureau of Food and Industry (BFAD)| | 3 months2nd week of July to 2nd week of October| P 100, 000| Producing sample products that will be used in product testing. Marketing Depa rtment| 1 week4th week of October| P 3,000,000| Test Marketing. | Marketing Department| 1 week1st week of November| P 300, 000| Pilot testing| Marketing Department| 1 month2nd week of November to December| P 3, 000, 000| Reviewing the results of the pilot testing. | Marketing Department| 1 week2nd week of December| P 50, 000| Producing product samples and actual products that will be distributed. | Production Department| 2 weeks3rd and 4th week of December| P 4,000, 000| Introducing the product to the market and distributing product samples. Marketing Department| 1 week1st week of January| P 2, 000, 000| Distributing the actual products. | Marketing Department| 2nd week of January| P 500, 000| INFORMATION * ADVERTISING Transit Advertising Transit advertising will be done to create product awareness. We will be using different transportation medium to advertise. We will use taxis and buses to roam around the busy streets of the metro, While in the provinces; we will use stickers to b e posted at the back of tricycles. Action| Department Involve| Time Frame| Budget| Planning and Selecting of modes of transportation for transit advertising| Marketing department representative| 2 days1st week of February| P 20,000| Planning and making of the stickers for tricycles and jeepneys. | Marketing department representative| 3 days2nd week of February| P 1,200,000| Finalizing of transit advertising plan| Advertising department| 1 day2nd week of February| P 30,000| Meeting with representatives of the chosen Bus companies and jeepney operators| Marketing department representative| 2 days3rd week of February| P 30, 000| Start of transit advertising. Coverage of transit advertisement(Bus, Tricycles, Jeepney)| | 1st week of March| P 5,000,000| * Television Advertising Almost all Filipino household owns a television set. TV advertising has the power to show and tell many people about the product, and actually demonstrates the benefits of acquiring it. Since they see how it works and how it is packaged, every time they see it they will be psychologically reminded of their desire to have it. Action| Time Frame| Department Involve| Budget| Planning and Selecting of artists, celebrities and personalities to endorse the product in TV ad. | Marketing Department Representative| 1 week1st week of February| P 50,000| Meeting with managers of selected artists regarding payments, endorsement, terms of agreement| Marketing Department Representative| 1 week2nd week of February| P 150, 000| Contract signing and partial payment of the company to the selected endorsers. Company project head, Mangers and Endorsers| 1 day3rd week February| P 2,000,000| Meeting with representatives of advertising company regarding the execution of advertising plan. | Marketing Department Representative| 1 week1st week of March| P25, 000| Creation of story board by the chosen Advertising Agency| Advertising Agency| 6 weeks2nd week of March| P 2,000,000| Finalizing the advertising plan for television. | Advertising Department| 1 week1st week of May| P 50,000| Pilot airing of TV ad| Advertising Department| 1 week3rd week of May| P1, 500, 000| Coverage of TV advertisement. (ABS-CBN 2, GMA 7 and TV5)| | 1st week of June- July1st week of October- December| P 30,000,000| SALES PROMOTIONS * Events and Sponsorship We will be holding events like concert for a cause, fun run and different fund raising activities from which we can promote the products of the company. The proceeds of the events will be used for school programs and activities for the betterment of children. Also we will accept application for sponsorship related to the objectives and goals of the company. Action/Activities| Department/Person involved| Time frame| Budget| Review the sponsorship and exhibitor packages and related benefits| Marketing Department| 1 week1st week of October| P 30, 000| Determining and selecting which best potential event/ exhibit meets the company’s goal| Marketing Department| 1 week2nd week of October | P 50, 000| Meeting and coordinating with the event/exhibit organizers| Marketing Department| 2 weeks3rd week to 4th week of October| P 50, 000| Evaluation and approval for the sponsorship| Top Level Management | 1 week 1st week of November| P 50, 000| Preparing and allocating funds for the event that will be sponsor| Finance Department| 1 week2nd week of November| P 2, 000, 000| Capture data and measure results| Top Management| 1 week3rd week of November| P 30, 000| * Caravan This strategy will be focused on visiting different schools on the month of August, in line with the celebration of the Nutrition Month. There will be selected schools around th e country that will be visited by our team and we will give powdered milk pouch samples to the students of the chosen school. It will contribute to the increase of brand awareness to our target consumers. Action| Department Involve| Time Frame| Budget| Planning and organizing a team to conduct the caravan. Marketing Department| 1 week1st week of June| P 30,000| Identifying the school that will be the scope of the caravan. | Marketing Department| 1 week2nd week of June| P 20,000| Contracting a certain bus company for the leasing of the bus and for the terms and conditions. | Marketing Department/ Finance Department| 1 day3rd week of June| P 500,000| Designing the bus that will be used in the caravan. | Advertising Department| 1 week4th week of June| P 50,000| Preparing the sample products that will be given out to the students of the chosen school. | Production Department| 2 weeks1st-2nd week of July| P 1,500,000| Start of the caravan. | Logistics Department| Whole month of August| P 150,000| * FUND RAISING Action/Activities| Department/Person involved| Time frame| Budget| Developing goals and making fundraising plans| Marketing Department| 2 weeks1st week of June| P 70, 000| Searching for prospects that can help in the fundraising activities| Marketing Department| 2 weeks3rd to 4th week of June| P 50, 000| Searching for venue/facilities needed in the fundraising and other related materials | Marketing Department| 1 week1st week of July| P 40, 000| Estimating and allocation of fundraising programs costs| Finance Department| 1 week2nd week of July| P 30,000| Finalizing plans and evaluation of the programs and events| Top Level Management| 2 days3rd week of July| P 20, 000| Meeting and coordinating with organizers and other sponsors| Marketing Department| 1 week4th week of July| P 60,000| Fundraising Activity| | 1 month August| P 1,000,000| Program evaluation| Marketing department| 1 week1st week of September| P 50, 000| PRICING PRICING * Promotional Package ( Bundle ) Promotional package will attract more potential customers since they can avail discounts when they buy a bundle of AMC products in line with the Alaska Powdered Milk. Action| Department Involve| Time Frame| Budget| Planning and choosing of products that will be used for the promotional package. | Marketing department| 1 week2nd week of September| P 50,000| Meeting with the owners of the chosen supermarkets wherein the promotional package will be distributed. Marketing department| 1 day3rd week of September| P 20,000| Finalizing and creating the design of the packaging. | | 1 week4th week of September| P 1,000, 000| Distributing the promotional package. (SM supermarkets, Robinson’s Place supermarkets and Puregold)| | 1st week of October – Last week of December| P 800,000| * Minimizing Distribution Cost This strategy will be focusing on minimizing the distribution costs. Minimizing the cost will contribute to the aim of having a competitive pricing. By reducing the cost, we can also reduce the price. Action/Activities| Department/Person involved| Time frame| Budget| Reviewing distribution system. | Logistics Department| 1 week2nd week of January| P 10, 000| Brainstorming about the documents. Logistics Department| 1 week3rd week of January| P 15, 000| Planning and organizing Distribution system| Logistics Department| 3 weeks1st – 3rd week of February| P 30, 000| Eliminating unproductive labor and Reducing waste and material usage. | Top Management | 2 monthsMarch- April| P 100, 000| Improve equipment performance and space utilization through consolidation| Logistics Department| 2 months1st week of May-June| P 500 ,000| Implementation of the new distribution system| Logistics Department| 1st week of July| P 1, 000, 000| * Discounts As competition in the milk industry arises, several discounts and promos are coming out in the market. So we also plan to have discounts as one of our strategies to generate interest in getting customers to try Alaska milk products. It will enable more target markets try Alaska Milk products within their budget capability. Action| Department Involve| Time Frame| Budget| Planning the discounts to be place in the market. | Marketing department representatives| 1 week1st week of December| P 10,000| Identify the target location/area to put the discounts. As well as, identifying how much discounts there would be. | Marketing department| 1 day2nd week of December| P 5,000| Consultation and evaluation of the discount plan. | Top Level Management/ Marketing department| 1 week3rd week of December| P 1, 500, 000| Allocation and budgeting of the discounts to be placed. | | 1st week of January| P 500, 000| ACCESS * Online Marketing Online Marketing is one way of making Alaska milk products more accessibility in the market in which it less time consuming and more convenient to the wholesale target consumers. We will be offering the products only and they can acquire the products in wholesale through the internet. We will also be having free delivery service. Action| Department Involve| Time Frame| Budget| Planning and making a web layout design that will be used for the Online Marketing. | Advertising Department| 2 weeks1st-2nd week of January| P 100,000| Hiring an additional workforce that will maintain and respond to the customers demand/inquiries. | Human Resource Department| 1 month3rd week of January-3rd week of February| P 10,000| Launching of the Online Marketing Website of Alaska Milk Corporation. | March| P 200,000| * Direct Marketing This strategy is designed to increase the sales in which the sales force of Alaska Milk Corporation will conduct door-to-door selling in order to offer the products direct ly to the customers and generate sales. Action| Department Involve| Time Frame| Budget| Planning and organizing a team that will conduct the door-to-door selling. | Marketing Department| 1 week1st week of March| P 50,000| Identifying the location in which the door-to-door selling will be conducted. | Marketing department| 2 weeks2nd-3rd week of March| P50,000| Orienting and training the sales force about the door-to-door selling. | Human Resource Department| 3 weeks4th week of March- 3rd week of April| P200,000| Preparing the materials and products that will be used in the door-to-door selling. | Production Management| 1 week4th week of April| P2,000,000| Start of the door-to-door selling. | | May| P500,000| X. Financial Summary XI. Contigencies 1. Fortuitous Events like natural calamities The company must have inventory management to assure the availability of supply in case of these events. 2. Contamination of raw materials The Company should have an alternative supplier to still meet the demand for their products. 3. Problems regarding pests and rodents Quality control should be practiced by the company to assure the safety and quality of the products. . Recession The Company must still be able to meet the demands of consumers by means of inventory management. 5. Change in Technological environment The Company should adapt to the advent of technology to be able to have better and faster production and service. XII. Appendi x I Alaska Milk Corporation Corinthian Plaza, Paseo de Roxas Building, Makati City, Manila www. alaskamilk. com. ph National Dairy Authority www. nda. da. gov. ph National Statistics Office www. census. gov. ph www. nso. gov. ph Chanrobles Virtual Library www. chanrobles. com Department of Trade and Industry www. dti. gov. ph Ivory Qual Full Report AC Nielsen Research www. ielsen. com Projecy Hermes Final Report TNS Global Market Research www. tnsglobal. com Project Silk Report AC Nielsen Research www. nielsen. com Appendix ll Powdered Milk Offtake: June 2008 – Nov 2011 (In Tons) www. alaskamilk. com. ph Usage Performance: Cesar Montano for APM TNS Global Market Research www. tnsglobal. com How Is The Budget Spent? TNS Global Market Research www. tnsglobal. com Typical Grocery Budget TNS Global Market Research www. tnsglobal. com Weekly Purchase Volume of Powdered Milk AC Nielsen Research www. nielsen. com Quality Awareness AC Nielsen Research www. nielsen. com APPENDIX III A MC Annual Report www. alaskamilk. com. ph