WIPO, Berne, TRIPS, Copyright Law and their Implications for Google Essay

WIPO, Berne, TRIPS, Copyright Law and their Implications for Google - Essay Example Thus all national copyright laws to a greater or lesser extent attempt to balance recognition and enforcement of copyright against broader interests and needs. International copyright law has recognised the need for this balance but the exact nature of the appropriate balance has been contentious. The nature of the balance envisaged in the Berne Convention may well have been different from that envisaged in subsequent legislation and this essay will begin by defining the dimensions of that balance. It will then proceed to consider the changes in international copyright law brought about by the TRIPS Agreement and the WIPO Copyright Treaty to establish whether the balance as now recognised in international copyright law is different from that originally recognised by the Berne Convention. Article 13 of TRIPs illustrates the essence of the Berne Convention and TRIPs, which is that the copyright holder's rights cannot be derrogated from except in special circumstances in the public interest. However, the test is very strict whereby the rights of the artist are paramount in the Berne Convention where it it widely accepted that the copyright holder and the artist was one and the same. ... copyright holder is frequently not the artist because the caopyrights are owned by the employer, agent or company that commissions the individual's work. Therefore TRIPs focuses on the economic rights of the copyright holder and ignores the moral rights of the artist. Public interest rights in both of these conventions are ignored except for the cases of academic interest. It is not deemed as important that communal and indigenous rights should be protected or materials that are valuable to the development of the greater good of the community. This is especially so in the developing countries, where licenses and permissions for copyrighted material need to be obtained to educate and fund the development of their citizenry. The WIPO Copyright Treaty in many ways has been introduced to protect public interest rights and limit the copyright holder's rights, but in a balance with the moral rights of the artist. It still focuses too much on economic rights, but it is a move in the right d irection. "Libraries will continue to play a critical role in ensuring access for all in the information society. Properly functioning national and international networks of library and information services are critical to the provision of access to information. Traditionally, libraries have been able to provide reasonable access to the purchased copies of copyright works held in their collections. However, if in future all access and use of information in digital format becomes subject to payment, a library's ability to provide access to its users will be severely restricted."1 Intellectual Property needs to understand that there are public interest rights as it deals with a variety of areas, stemming from inventions through to ideas and artistic writings and pictures. In relation to

April Reading and Questions Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

April Reading and Questions - Coursework Example Re-centering whiteness is a theme that is seen as normal way of doing things while on surface all people are regarded as equal. The third theme, masking whiteness protects their superiority. From these themes, it can be seen that there is need to interrogate whiteness in order to realise the problematic assumptions that help to re center or mask the aspect of whiteness. It can also be seen that the issue of whiteness is hidden and it portrays itself in a subtle way in different organizations. The invisibility of whiteness has to be investigated in order to enhance organizational effectiveness when managing diversity. This helps all the people to freely give their ideas without any prejudice. i. What has made me uncomfortable through reading this article is that we are made to believe that we are all equal on surface while in actual fact there is a certain race that is seen as superior. In many multinational organizations, senior management posts are held by whites but there are also other people from other races who are capable of performing the same task. ii. What I had not realised is that the issue of whiteness is significantly gaining prominence in the world of management. Measures are being taken in order to try to address this problematic issue which gives other people more privilege than others on the basis of race. iii. My question is related to the measures that can be taken in order to change the status quo. While the aspect of whiteness is acknowledged in different sectors of the society, it can be seen that the whites have a hidden unfavourable privilege over other races which may be difficult to challenge since it is entrenched in people’s lives such that they see it as normal. This article is closely related to different incidences that I encounter in my life in many occasions. There is so much talk about the issue of equality among different people but it can be seen that there is a hidden

Women in Vietnam Essay Example for Free

Women in Vietnam Essay In Vietnam, women were encouraged to serve within the government and other sectors within the state. Unlike in other countries where women are stereotyped as being weak, in Vietnam, it was different. (Insun, p47-p56) Women were treated as equals. They were given the same positions as those ones of women and were given the same respect. Women were especially encouraged to take up the jobs which were believed to be a man’s reserve. They went out of their way to serve their country as humanitarians, entertainers, military dependents, USAID, civilian nurses, in military, as correspondents and in special services. (Insun, p78-p80) There were a good number of women in Vietnam who served as professionals in the field of medicine, teaching, law, professional nurses, controllers of air traffic, language and intelligence specialists, photographers, physical therapists, aerial reconnaissance, legal officers, security officers and administrative positions. Civilian women in Vietnam also served in the Red Cross, journalists, humanitarian organizations and as flight attendants. They were also leaders in the churches. (Chen, p78) Despite the fact that these women were active then, they kept a low profile. Today, nobody can tell who these women are. This is because they don’t show off and have camouflaged. Women made very noble contributions towards the wars in Vietnam. They fought alongside men and did everything men did and they in fact did it a better. (Insun, p34-p67) It has been said that if the country of Vietnam must heal, women must come forward to reveal their involvements and experiences in the war. Unfortunately, they have not been recognized and acknowledged as significant in the history of Vietnam. The situation has been worsened by their silence and the pain and struggles kept deep within them. Women do not believe that they deserve the same recognition and respect like that given to men. (Woodside, p678) Women in special services were mostly under the army. These armies as well as civilians were under the employees’ defense department. The departments that were served by women were related to recreation and morale and included the bases of the Army in the states. (Song, p456) Most of the divisions were also related to works of arts and crafts, service clubs, libraries, movies, sports and entertainment. These women administered special programs, for example, ‘Rest’ as well as the program relating to recreation. The reason why women were entrusted with these positions was their warm hearted nature. They were icon of hope to the whole of Vietnam; they had a role of encouraging men and giving them morale during wars. They ensured that the homes did not fall apart despite their involvements in other services. Women were good volunteers in these services and they had the welfare of the country and the people in mind. It was not a burden to serve their country since they could see the big picture. (Taylor, p267) As librarians, women gave magazines, books and newspapers to the soldiers. The books served as sources of the correspondent courses they were taking and also for leisure. Most of their wonderful memories were hopping flights, clubs, time shared with friends as well as the loved ones. However, there were still some enmities created during the early days. Women fought wars along the beautiful coastline and peaceful villages and rice fields. These areas were My Lai, Chu Lai, the Que Son Valley, A Shau, Da Nang, Phu Bai and hue. Women witnessed the demise of thousands five bases as well as landing zones. (Woodside, p567) At the military, women served with pride. They knew that their efforts were for a worthy cause. They knew that their victory was a victory for all. During the women’s anniversary, they gathered their past and present achievements. There were at least one thousand and two hundred soldiers selected from the women population and served as band leaders and translators, clerks and typists. (Insun, p78)

Developing Expected Forwarded Counter (EFW)

Developing Expected Forwarded Counter (EFW) Abstract Wireless mesh networks have emerged as adaptable and low cost networks. Expected forwarded Counter (EFW) is a cross layer metric introduced to deal with the problem of selfish behaviour in order to provide reliable routing. This paper proposes an enhancement to the EFW, by considering congestion incurred due to selecting only high quality paths. The performance of proposed metric is evaluated through simulation. Simulation results show that overall routing performance is increased in terms of throughput and packet delivery ratio. Introduction Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a promising technology for the next generation wireless technologies. The Mesh Networks are self-organized, self-configured and easily adaptable to different traffic requirements and network changes. Routing is a challenge in Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) due to unpredictable variations of the wireless environment. Initially, to select a path with highest delivery rate in wireless mesh network, metrics that capture link quality have been introduced. But, most of these metrics are designed by assuming that each wireless mesh router participates honestly in forwarding process. While this assumption may not be valid in presence of selfish routers which may get profit from not forwarding all traffic. Selfish users utilize the network resources for its own benefit but unwilling to spend for others. Such selfish behavior reduces network delivery reliability. Metrics have been introduced to detect and exclude selfish nodes in a route to destination. These metrics do not consider quality of links, hence cannot select best path from source to destination. Cross layer metrics were used to consider both link quality and selfish behaviour of node [2] in order to select a high performance path. This kind of solutions may cause only high quality to get used and other links will get unused. This will make links to be congested seriously and in turn cause performance degradation. In this paper we propose metric that combines link quality and congestion information from MAC layer and forward reliability of node from routing layer. The rest of this paper is structured as follows. Section II discusses related work. Section III illustrates proposed work. Section IV presents results obtained through simulating proposed metric in comparison with ETX and EFW. Related work: Several works presented in the recent research literature focus on reliable data transmission in wireless multi hop networks with selfish participants. In recent years, several routing metrics have been proposed to select the path with the highest delivery rate in wireless mesh networks. The essence of all these metrics lies in the selection of reliable network paths, avoiding lossy wireless links prone to transmission errors. Some of these are discussed below. ETX (Expected Transmission Counter): Routing metrics for wireless mesh networks like ETX adopt a probabilistic model to represent the transmission reliability of a wireless link. Specifically, ETX measures the expected number of transmissions, including retransmissions, needed to correctly send a unicast packet over a wireless link. In order to compute ETX, it is necessary to estimate the packet loss probability in both directions since, in wireless networks based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol, the destination must acknowledge each received data frame Let (i, j)be a wireless link established between node i and j;Pij and pji denote the packet loss probability of the wireless link(i, j) in forward and reverse directions separately. The probability of a successful transmission on the wireless link(i, j)can therefore be computed as Ps,ij= (1−pij)(1−pji). Then, the expected number of transmissions necessary to deliver the data packet, considering both its transmission and the successive acknowledgment as required by the IEEE 802.11 protocol, can be evaluated according to expression Despite the purpose of selecting the most reliable paths, ETX does not model accurately the delivery rate of a network link, since it does not consider the forwarding behavior of the nodes that have established that link. In particular, ETX and its derived metrics do not take into account that a selfish node might discard the packet after its correct reception, if it benefits from not forwarding it EFW: To address the problem caused by the dropping behaviour of selfish participants, we combine the link quality measured by the ETX routing metric with the forwarding reliability of a relaying node j by improving the probabilistic model on which ETX is based. Let pd,ij be the dropping probability of a network node j((1−pd,ij)represents its forwarding probability). Since a network node can drop selectively the traffic sent by its neighbours, the dropping probability of any node j is identified both by the sending node i and the relaying node j. The probability that a packet sent through a node j will be successfully forwarded can be computed as pfwd,ij=ps,ij(1−pd,ij).Then, the expected number of transmissions necessary to have the packet successfully forwarded (Expected Forwarding Counter, EFW) can be measured according to the following equation. The first part of equation, which coincides with the ETX metric, considers the quality of the physical and MAC layers, whereas our contribution takes into account the network layer reliability. Therefore, EFW represents a cross-layer metric that models both the physical conditions of the wireless medium and the selfishness of the node with which the link is established. In addition to detecting the misbehaving nodes, the representation of the link reliability provided by the EFW metric permits to use the network paths with the highest delivery performance, without pruning the alternative routes that contain selfish nodes. Proposed work: The disadvantages of this solution are that nodes wanting to transmit packets will attempt to use the same high quality link and cause it congested seriously. And at the same time other links will get unused. MAC layer metric: Our proposed metric is based on the retransmission mechanism in MAC. The first part of this method is the success rate of transmitting frames based on the average number of retransmissions which we call Frame Transmission Efficiency (FTE) [13]. Fig. 1: Illustration of the retransmission mechanism at the MAC Layer The number of retransmissions of RTS and Data frames for each Successful transmission in MAC layer is supposed to represent the quality of that link and congestion instance. The success rate of sending frames is therefore a good estimate of both the quality and congestion of a link. From it the best quality links may be selected. The success rate of each link (FTE) is updated when a node forwards a Data packet to its neighbour and passes it up to the routing protocol. ACK Failure Count denotes the number of Data retransmission and RTS Failure Count denotes the number of RTS retransmission. The kth packet will send from Node S to Node D. The number of retransmission is assumed as Failure (k) and denotes below: Failure (k) = ACK Failure Count (k) + RTS Failure Count (k) (j) Thus FTE (k) between Node S and Node D is formulized as equation (4). It reflects the link quality and congestion situation of links. FTE (k) = We are using this frame transmission efficiency to represent link quality and congestion. It is MAC layer information. From routing layer we consider forward probability estimation. In cross layer fashion we combine information from both MAC and Routing layer to obtain congestion aware EFW. It is computed as follows Enhanced EFW or congestion aware EFW= Simulation Simulation scenario We performed simulations with NCTUns6.0 simulator that evaluates performance of the metric in comparison with EFW using OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) routing protocol. Performance Evaluation: To evaluate the performance of proposed metric in comparison with existing metrics ETX and EFW, the following variables are analysed Throughput Packet Delivery Rate Drop Rate From fig1. We can observe that the proposed metric has more throughput than the other routing metrics in wireless mesh networks. By this we can understand that the proposed metric selects better path in presence of selfish nodes in comparison with other metrics. From fig2. It seems that congestion aware EFW has more packet delivery rate when compared with other metrics. Conclusion: In this paper we introduced an enhancement to existing cross layer metric called Expected forward counter (EFW). In this metric we replaced link quality metric obtained from ETX metric with Frame Transfer Efficiency (FTE) metric which considers not only link quality but also congestion of link. As the proposed metric in cross layer fashion combines MAC layer observations of link quality and congestion with routing layer observations of forward probability estimation, it gives better performance in comparison with ETX and EFW metrics. Simulations results show that routing performance of OSPF in terms of throughput, packet delivery rate and drop rate has been improved in proposed metric. References: S. Paris, C. Nita-Rotaru, F.Martignon, and A. Capone, †Cross-Layer Metrics for Reliable Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks â€Å", in proc. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING, VOL. 21, NO. 3, JUNE 2013. N. Nandiraju, D. Nandiraju, L. Santhanam, B. He, J. Wang, and D.P. Agrawal, â€Å"Wireless mesh networks: Current challenges and future directions of web-in-the-sky,† IEEE Wireless Commun., vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 79–89, Aug. 2007. S. Paris, C. Nita-Rotaru, F.Martignon, and A. Capone, â€Å"EFW: A cross layer metric for reliable routing in wireless mesh networks with selfish participants,† in Proc. IEEE INFOCOM, Apr. 2011, pp. 576–580 D.S.J De Couto, D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, and R. Morris. A High-Throughput Path Metric for Multi-Hop Wireless Routing. Wireless Networks, 2005. D. Johnson and G. Hancke, â€Å"Comparison of two routing metrics in OLSR on grid based mesh network,† Ad Hoc Netw., vol. 7, no. 2,pp. 374–387, 2009. Da Guo, Jun Li, Mei Song, Junde Song,â€Å"A Novel Cross-Layer Routing Algorithm in Wireless Mesh Network† in the proc. of IEEE International Conference 2007,pp 1-3,vol-07. Golnaz Karbaschi, A Link-Quality and Congestion aware Cross layer Metric for Multi-Hop Wireless Routing.2nd IEEE International Conference on Mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems Washington, DC USA November 2005. M.E.M.Campista, P. M. Esposito, I.M.Moraes,L.H. M. Costa,O. C.M. Duarte, D. G. Passos, C. V. N. de Albuquerque, D. C.M. Saade, and M. G. Rubinstein, â€Å"Routing metrics and protocols for wireless mesh networks,† IEEE Netw., vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 6–12, Jan.–Feb. 2008. OSPF

Halloween KO Frankenstein :: Free Essays Online

Halloween KO Frankenstein Fade in: Amidst the crowd and noise of a swarm of children and their parents in a whirlwind, last-minute attempt to find Halloween costumes and makeup, Kenneth Branagh and Helena Bonham Carter-Branagh stand hand and hand—pinned against an â€Å"Austin Powers suit† and the ever-popular â€Å"Hershey Kiss† garb. Kenneth’s brows are furrowed and a small wrinkle on his forehead is tense with concern as to how he is going to find anything among the crowds. The door to the store opens occasionally, inviting the crisp October air in—sending small chills up his and Helena’s arms. Helena, standing impatiently in a crimson shawl, weight on one side, looks up at her husband, lips pursed—annoyance dancing in her chocolate eyes. Helena: Remind me why we’re here again, Kenny? Kenneth: Oh honey—you know the party’s tomorrow and we couldn’t show up without costumes. Two noisy youngsters, each with unruly black hair, sucking lollypops run past Kenneth and into Helena—igniting a surge of pain down her side. The children mutter an untranslatable â€Å"sorry† before continuing off to look at the sets of fake blood to Helena’s direct left. Helena: (rubbing her thigh) I know—but why are we here? I mean we have personal assistants to take care of these kinds of things. Kenneth: Dear, I thought it would be fun. After all, we haven’t had a night out together since I started touring with the Shakespearean Company again. Voices from the crowd yell â€Å"Heads Up!† just as a shelf full of Monster’s Teeth and Spirit Gum tumbles on Helena from above. A small, freckled girl with straw colored pig-tails points at Helena with a pudgy finger. Girl: (sardonically) We said...HEADS UP! Ignoring the pain in her leg, Helena rubs her forehead while pulling a pair of green Monster Teeth out of her tousled curls. Helena: (mumbles to Kenneth) Fun. . .right. . . Kenneth: (tugging on their laced hands) Come dear, lets go ask the lady at the counter so we can leave and go get some sleep. I don’t want to have bags under my eyes tomorrow in front of our Hollywood friends. Weaving through the crowds of people, Kenneth spots a store clerk wearing a â€Å"Hello my name is: Sarah† nametag standing behind a short female customer. Kenneth: Excuse me?. . .uh, excuse me! Sarah looks up at Kenneth, squinting viciously in his direction.

Forces in a Rolling Boat :: Physics Boating

Every boat has a degree of roll from which she can no longer recover. Two forces are locked in combat for a ship about to capsize: the downward push of gravity and the upward lift of buoyancy. Gravity is combined with the weight of the vessel and everything in board-crew, cargo, fishing gear- seeking the center of the earth. Buoyancy is the force of all the enclosed air in the hull trying to rise above water level. On a evenly balanced and stable ship, these two forces are equal and cancel out each other, but all of this changes when a boat gets shoved over her side. Instead of being equal, the two forces are offset. The center of gravity stays the same but the center of buoyancy migrates to the submerged side, where more air has been forced below the waterline. With gravity pushing down to the center and buoyancy pushing up from the submerged side, the ship pivots on its center and returns to an even keel. The more the ship heels, the farther apart the two forces act and the more leverage the center of buoyancy has. To simplify, the lateral distance between the two forces is called the righting arm and the torque generate is called the righting momentum. Boats want a big righting momentum so they will right from extreme angles of keel. The righting momentum has three main implications. First of all, the wider the ship the more stable she is. The next thing is how tall the ship is. The taller the ship, the more likely she is to capsize. Finally, there come the point of no return, were the boat can no longer right itself. To most it seems like this would happen when the boat’s deck has reached a 90 degree angle to the water, but in truth, trouble comes to the boat a lot sooner.

Abraham Lincoln’s Political and Moral Slavery Dilemma Essay

The sixteenth President of the United States of America, the Great Emancipator, Abraham Lincoln casts quite a historical shadow over any other competing figure. Lincoln was brought into the world on February 12th, 1809 to an incredibly modest upbringing in which he would mold himself into a successful lawyer and later a politician. Abraham received little formal education during his childhood, eventually acquainting himself with the law through the apprenticeship system. After rising through the Illinois legislature structure, Lincoln went on to serve in the House of Representatives on behalf of the state of Illinois before gaining widespread recognition from his debates with competing Senate candidate Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. The expansion of slavery into the United States new territories was the hotly contested issue of these debates, Lincoln’s stance would eventually propel him into the national spotlight and later the Presidency. See more: Homeless satire essay Abraham Lincoln’s views on slavery were split between his political obligations and his moral beliefs, his political actions were influenced by his desire to preserve the Union, and his moral stance on the issue largely stemmed from his deep-seeded belief in the power of the Constitution, not the political or social equality of another race. Abraham Lincoln’s view on slavery was segregated in itself, between how he perceived the issue on a political level and as a moral dilemma facing the United States. Without the understanding of Lincoln’s differentiated objections to the institution that created such a split in the American people, it is difficult to fully grasp how and why Lincoln acted as he did throughout his political career. Lincoln’s first documented objection to slavery began in the Illinois State Legislature, in which he and Dan Stone protested a piece of legislation that disapproved of abolitionism and affirmed that the Constitution made slavery â€Å"sacred to the slave-holding states. † The major objection to this resolution was that the spread of slavery was being advocated based upon the opinions of policy makers, nstead of constitutionally. Lincoln’s hard and fast belief in the power of the Constitution would be an overarching theme throughout his career. This protest of an exceedingly popular piece of legislation, recall that only Lincoln and Dan Stone objected in the Legislature, is a significant display of what kind of character Mr. Lincoln possessed. In the face of an overwhelming majority, with literally no opportunity of overturning the decision and risking unpopular opinions, Lincoln was unafraid to express his undying faith in the Constitution. This theme of continual commitment to the Constitution would go even further in 1854 when the Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed. Through Lincoln’s eyes, this Act was a clear violation of the Missouri Compromise of 1830, which in effect prohibited the spread of slavery into any newly acquired American territories. Lincoln, at this time running for the Illinois House of Representatives, especially opposes the Kansas-Nebraska Act because of what it implies about the United States government. This Act allows popular sovereignty to decide the legality of slavery in Kansas, in theory the people of the new territory may decide for themselves on the issue. On principle, one must consider that Lincoln could have not been a larger promoter of the idea of popular sovereignty, due to his strong belief in constitutionality. However, issues arise when the Act that is passed is in clear violation of another. The practical repealing of the Missouri Compromise is a major sticking point in this case. Lincoln views this as the government of the United States essentially saying one thing, and then doing another. The so called indifference towards the spread of slavery is in fact a promotion of the institution. This Act simply promotes the profits of the slavery institution, an act of self-interest that deeply disturbs Lincoln. The slavery issue does impact him on a moral level, because of the injustice upon the individual, but this is not where his greatest objection lies. The tendency towards self-interested legislation instead of deriving power from the Constitution is the largest fear of Lincoln during this era. The entire institution of slavery has manifested this self-interest, Lincoln quarrels much more with the political element of this development rather than the moral. While campaigning for, and serving as the President of the United States, Abraham Lincoln’s view on slavery depended on the most effective way to preserve the Union. When first entering his Presidency, Lincoln in fact did not want to interfere with the institution of slavery as it currently stood. As stated in his letter to George T. M. Davis prior to becoming President, â€Å"Of course the declaration that there is no intention to interfere with slaves or slavery, in the states, with all that is fairly implied in such declaration, is true. † Lincoln viewed himself as not only the leader of the United States, but also as the protector of the Constitution. Due to this view of himself, Lincoln was a promoter of gradual emancipation of slaves as a way to compromise the raging extremes of abolitionists and those of the promotion of slavery. However, the Southern states were not receptive of the notion of gradually allowing this institution to fall away. On September 22, 1862 Lincoln issued the Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which claimed, â€Å"all persons held as slaves within any state, or designated part of a state, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free. † The Proclamation declared that the states that were in fact rebelling against the Union, had one-hundred days to cooperate with the government. The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation in effect, was Lincoln’s final attempt to end the Civil War in a peaceful manner and preserve the Union. While being a proponent of the gradual emancipation resolution to the slavery issue, Lincoln’s moral stance on the institution largely stemmed from his belief in the power of the Constitution. Lincoln states his response to witnessing slavery in personal letters, â€Å"I confess I hate to see the poor creatures hunted down, and caught, and carried back to their stripes, and unrewarded toils; but I bite my lip and keep quiet. † As well as, â€Å"That sight was a continual torment to me. † Although personally saddened by the harsh realities of slavery, Lincoln’s moral stance was expressed through his plans for colonization of the slaves. The President’s proposal to a group of highly educated black men on August 14th, 1862 included a plan for a coal colony in Central America. Lincoln’s rationale for colonization as he expressed it to his audience that day, â€Å"But even when you cease to be slaves, you are yet far removed from being placed on equality with the white race. You are cut off from many of the advantages which the other race enjoy. The aspiration of men is to enjoy equality with the best when free, but on this broad continent, not a single man of your race is made the equal of a single man of ours. Although he did not explicitly explain to these gentlemen, Lincoln was justifying his plan of colonization through the Constitution. By stating that the black race would not enjoy the same advantageous of the other race, Lincoln is referencing the Bill of Rights and entitlement to the vote. Lincoln’s intentions seem to be well, he would like the slaves to be in a place where they are not persecuted, but his intentions stem from his deep conviction in the power of the Constitution. Abraham Lincoln’s view of slavery was differentiated between his political obligations and the moral element of the institution. While in his Presidency, his political actions were influenced by the desire to preserve the Union. Lincoln’s moral stance toward slavery was largely shaped by his fierce belief in the power and importance of the Constitution. The findings of the analysis seem to suggest that Abraham Lincoln may not be the â€Å"Great Emancipator† as many elementary history curriculums state. Also, that the primary motives behind the Emancipation Proclamation could have been to coerce the rebelling states into cooperating with the Union, instead of freeing those locked into the institution of slavery.